Reduction of sediment yield by riparian vegetation recovery at distinct levels of soil erosion in a tropical watershed

• Published in: Ciência e agrotecnologia 2021-01, Vol.45
• Main Authors: Martins, Wander Araújo, Martins, Letícia Lopes, Maria, Isabella Clerici De, Moraes, Jener Fernando Leite de, Pedro Júnior, Mário José
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY; APP restoration; Brazilian Forest Law; Land use scenarios; SWAT
• ISSN: 1413-7054; 1981-1829; 1981-1829
• DOI: 10.1590/1413-7054202145028220

ABSTRACT Riparian vegetation plays an important role in sediment retention, thus reduces sediment yield in watersheds. The Brazilian Forest Law (Law 12,651/2012) requires maintenance of fixed-width buffers of riparian vegetation but allows the continuity of agriculture, livestock, and forestry farming activities in some parts of the Areas of Permanent Preservation (APP). This paper aimed to evaluate sediment reduction by recovering the APPs with vegetation strips of permitted widths (5, 8, 15, and 30 m), as per the Forest Law. We considered three land use scenarios that present distinct erosion rates - predominance of areas with forest cover, pasture, and agriculture. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model was used to simulate sediment yield in these scenarios at the Jundiaí-Mirim Watershed in São Paulo, Brazil. The SWAT was calibrated and validated for monthly streamflow. We obtained statistical indices for the processes of calibration and validation, respectively, as: NS = 0.77 and 0.70, PBIAS = -10.2 and -12.5, and RSR = 0.48 and 0.55. The highest reduction in sediment yield (30%) was observed with the total recovery of the APPs (vegetation strips of 30 m) in the current land use scenario. The recovery of the APPs with vegetation strips of 5, 8, and 15 m yielded sediment reduction below 10% in the alternative land use scenarios. The APP strips with reduced recovery maintained high rates of sediment yield. Additionally, even with a total recovery of the APP it is necessary to adopt soil conservation practices throughout the basin’s agricultural area to minimize the impacts on water resources. RESUMO Considera-se que a vegetação ripária desempenha papel importante na retenção de sedimentos e, portanto, na diminuição da produção de sedimentos em bacias hidrográficas. A Lei Florestal (Lei 12.651/2012) determina a manutenção da vegetação ripária em faixas de largura fixa, mas permite a continuidade das atividades agrossilvipastoris em parte das Áreas de Preservação Permanente (APPs). Buscou-se, por meio deste estudo, avaliar a redução da produção de sedimentos pela recuperação da vegetação das APPs em 5, 8, 15 e 30 m, larguras admitidas pela Lei Florestal, considerando três cenários de uso do solo, que apresentam diferentes taxas de erosão: predomínio de áreas de floresta, pastagem e agricultura. O modelo SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) foi utilizado para simular a produção de sedimentos nesses cenários na bacia hidrográfica do rio Jundiaí-Mir