Diagnosing tuberculosis in the 21st century – Dawn of a genomics revolution?

Abstract Tuberculosis (TB) ranks alongside HIV as the leading cause of death worldwide, killing 1.5 million people in 2014. Traditional laboratory techniques do not provide sufficiently rapid results to inform clinicians on appropriate treatment, especially in the face of increasingly prevalent drug...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:International journal of mycobacteriology 2016-12, Vol.5 (4), p.384-391
Main Authors: Jeanes, Christopher, O’Grady, Justin
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Diagnostics
Drug resistance in microorganisms
Genomics
Genomics - methods
High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing - methods
High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing - statistics & numerical data
Humans
Infectious Disease
Medical Education
Methicillin
Molecular Diagnostic Techniques - methods
Mycobacterium tuberculosis - genetics
Mycobacterium tuberculosis - isolation & purification
Next generation sequencing
Rankings
Tuberculosis
Tuberculosis - diagnosis
Whole genome sequencing
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Summary:Abstract Tuberculosis (TB) ranks alongside HIV as the leading cause of death worldwide, killing 1.5 million people in 2014. Traditional laboratory techniques do not provide sufficiently rapid results to inform clinicians on appropriate treatment, especially in the face of increasingly prevalent drug-resistant TB. Rapid molecular methods such as PCR and LAMP are vital tools in the fight against TB, however, rapid advances in next generation sequencing (NGS) technology are allowing increasingly rapid and accurate sequencing of entire bacterial genomes at ever decreasing cost, providing unprecedented depth of information. These advances mean NGS stands to revolutionise the diagnosis and epidemiological study of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. This review focuses on current applications of NGS for TB diagnosis including sequencing cultured isolates to predict drug resistance and, more desirably, direct diagnostic metagenomic sequencing of clinical samples. Also discussed is the potential impact of NGS on the epidemiological study of TB and some of the key challenges that need to be overcome to enable this promising technology to be translated into routine use.
ISSN:2212-5531
2212-554X
DOI:10.1016/j.ijmyco.2016.11.028