On the generation of force required for actin-based motility

• Published in: Scientific reports 2024-08, Vol.14 (1), p.18384-12, Article 18384
• Main Authors: Salvadori, Alberto, Bonanno, Claudia, Serpelloni, Mattia, McMeeking, Robert M.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: 631/57/343/1361; 639/166/988; 639/705/1041; Actin; Actin Cytoskeleton - metabolism; Actin-based motility; Actins - metabolism; Bacteria; Biomechanical Phenomena; Biopolymers; Cell Movement; Chemo-transport-mechanics; Continuum mechanics; Cytoplasm; Filaments; Finite elements; High performance computing; Humanities and Social Sciences; Lamellipodia; Listeria; Mechanics; Models, Biological; Motility; multidisciplinary; Polymerization; Proteins; Pseudopodia - metabolism; Pseudopodia - physiology; Science; Science (multidisciplinary)
• ISSN: 2045-2322; 2045-2322
• DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-69422-3

The fundamental question of how forces are generated in a motile cell, a lamellipodium, and a comet tail is the subject of this note. It is now well established that cellular motility results from the polymerization of actin, the most abundant protein in eukaryotic cells, into an interconnected set of filaments. We portray this process in a continuum mechanics framework, claiming that polymerization promotes a mechanical swelling in a narrow zone around the nucleation loci, which ultimately results in cellular or bacterial motility. To this aim, a new paradigm in continuum multi-physics has been designed, departing from the well-known theory of Larché–Cahn chemo-transport-mechanics. In this note, we set up the theory of network growth and compare the outcomes of numerical simulations with experimental evidence.