Self-induced mechanical stress can trigger biofilm formation in uropathogenic Escherichia coli

• Published in: Nature communications 2018-10, Vol.9 (1), p.4087-10, Article 4087
• Main Authors: Chu, Eric K., Kilic, Onur, Cho, Hojung, Groisman, Alex, Levchenko, Andre
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: 13/62; 14/19; 14/63; 631/1647/277; 631/326/46; 631/553/2695; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria; Bacterial proteins; Biofilms; Biofilms - growth & development; Biological stress; Cell Proliferation; Colonies; Control methods; Control theory; Cytosol; Drug Tolerance; E coli; Environmental stress; Escherichia coli; Feedback; Feedback loops; Humanities and Social Sciences; Hydrogels; multidisciplinary; Physical stress; Pressure; Science; Science (multidisciplinary); Stress (physiology); Stress, Mechanical; Uropathogenic Escherichia coli - physiology
• ISSN: 2041-1723; 2041-1723
• DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06552-z

Bacterial biofilms represent an important medical problem; however, the mechanisms of the onset of biofilm formation are poorly understood. Here, using new controlled methods allowing high-throughput and reproducible biofilm growth, we show that biofilm formation is linked to self-imposed mechanical stress. In growing uropathogenic Escherichia coli colonies, we report that mechanical stress can initially emerge from the physical stress accompanying colony confinement within micro-cavities or hydrogel environments reminiscent of the cytosol of host cells. Biofilm formation can then be enhanced by a nutrient access-modulated feedback loop, in which biofilm matrix deposition can be particularly high in areas of increased mechanical and biological stress, with the deposited matrix further enhancing the stress levels. This feedback regulation can lead to adaptive and diverse biofilm formation guided by the environmental stresses. Our results suggest previously unappreciated mechanisms of the onset and progression of biofilm growth. Bacterial biofilms are an increasingly important medical problem but the mechanisms by which they develop remain largely unknown. Here, using a high-throughput approach, the authors show that biofilm formation is linked to self-imposed mechanical stress.