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Task-generic and task-specific connectivity modulations in the ADHD brain: an integrated analysis across multiple tasks
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with altered functioning in multiple cognitive domains and neural networks. This paper offers an overarching biological perspective across these. We applied a novel strategy that extracts functional connectivity modulations in the brain a...
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Published in: | Translational psychiatry 2021-03, Vol.11 (1), p.159-159, Article 159 |
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Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , |
Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Subjects: | |
Citations: | Items that this one cites Items that cite this one |
Online Access: | Get full text |
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Summary: | Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with altered functioning in multiple cognitive domains and neural networks. This paper offers an overarching biological perspective across these. We applied a novel strategy that extracts functional connectivity modulations in the brain across one (
P
single
), two (
P
mix
) or three (
P
all
) cognitive tasks and compared the pattern of modulations between participants with ADHD (
n
-89), unaffected siblings (
n
= 93) and controls (
n
= 84; total
N
= 266; age range = 8–27 years). Participants with ADHD had significantly fewer
P
all
connections (modulated regardless of task), but significantly more task-specific (
P
single
) connectivity modulations than the other groups. The amplitude of these
P
single
modulations was significantly higher in ADHD. Unaffected siblings showed a similar degree of
P
all
connectivity modulation as controls but a similar degree of
P
single
connectivity modulation as ADHD probands.
P
all
connections were strongly reproducible at the individual level in controls, but showed marked heterogeneity in both participants with ADHD and unaffected siblings. The pattern of reduced task-generic and increased task-specific connectivity modulations in ADHD may be interpreted as reflecting a less efficient functional brain architecture due to a reduction in the ability to generalise processing pathways across multiple cognitive domains. The higher amplitude of unique task-specific connectivity modulations in ADHD may index a more “effortful” coping strategy. Unaffected siblings displayed a task connectivity profile in between that of controls and ADHD probands, supporting an endophenotype view. Our approach provides a new perspective on the core neural underpinnings of ADHD. |
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ISSN: | 2158-3188 2158-3188 |
DOI: | 10.1038/s41398-021-01284-z |