Heat transfer analysis of Maxwell tri-hybridized nanofluid through Riga wedge with fuzzy volume fraction

• Published in: Scientific reports 2023-10, Vol.13 (1), p.18238-18238, Article 18238
• Main Authors: Zulqarnain, Rana Muhammad, Nadeem, Muhammad, Siddique, Imran, Ahmad, Hijaz, Askar, Sameh, Samar, Mahvish
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: 639/705; 639/766; Aluminum oxide; Boundary layers; Convection; Differential equations; Flow rates; Heat exchangers; Heat transfer; Humanities and Social Sciences; multidisciplinary; Nanoparticles; Nanotechnology; Porosity; Science; Science (multidisciplinary); Thermal properties; Thermal radiation; Titanium dioxide
• ISSN: 2045-2322; 2045-2322
• DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45286-x

This contribution aims to optimize nonlinear thermal flow for Darcy-Forchheimer Maxwell fuzzy Al 2 O 3 + Cu + TiO 2 /EO tri-hybrid nanofluid flow across a Riga wedge in the context of boundary slip. Three types of nanomaterials, Al 2 O 3 , Cu and TiO 2 have been mixed into the basic fluid known as engine oil. Thermal properties with the effects of porous surface and nonlinear convection have been established for the particular combination Al 2 O 3 + Cu + TiO 2 /EO . Applying a set of appropriate variables, the set of equations that evaluated the energy and flow equations was transferred to the dimensionless form. For numerical computing, the MATLAB software's bvp4c function is used. The graphical display is used to demonstrate the influence of several influential parameters. It has been observed that flow rate decay with expansion in porosity parameter and nanoparticles volumetric fractions. In contrast, it rises with wedge angle, Grashof numbers, Darcy-Forchheimer, nonlinear Grashof numbers, and Maxwell fluid parameter. Thermal profiles increase with progress in the heat source, nanoparticles volumetric fractions, viscous dissipation, and nonlinear thermal radiation. The percentage increases in drag force for ternary hybrid nanofluid are 13.2 and 8.44 when the Modified Hartmann number takes input in the range 0.1 ≤ Mh ≤ 0.3 and wedge angle parameters 0.1 ≤ m ≤ 0.3 . For fuzzy analysis, dimensionless ODEs transformed into fuzzy differential equations and employed symmetrical triangular fuzzy numbers (TFNs). The TFN makes a triangular membership function (M.F.) that describes the fuzziness and comparison. This study compared nanofluids, hybrid nanofluids, and ternary nanofluids through triangular M.F. The boundary layer flow caused by a wedge surface plays a crucial role in heat exchanger systems and geothermal.