A numerical scheme for the ground state of rotating spin-1 Bose–Einstein condensates

We study the existence of nontrivial solution branches of three-coupled Gross–Pitaevskii equations (CGPEs), which are used as the mathematical model for rotating spin-1 Bose–Einstein condensates (BEC). The Lyapunov–Schmidt reduction is exploited to test the branching of nontrivial solution curves fr...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Scientific reports 2021-11, Vol.11 (1), p.22801-22801, Article 22801
Main Authors: Sriburadet, Sirilak, Shih, Yin-Tzer, Jeng, B.-W., Hsueh, C.-H., Chien, C.-S.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
639/705
639/705/1041
Algorithms
Applied mathematics
Condensates
Energy
Humanities and Social Sciences
Mathematical models
multidisciplinary
Numerical analysis
Science
Science (multidisciplinary)
Vortices
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Summary:We study the existence of nontrivial solution branches of three-coupled Gross–Pitaevskii equations (CGPEs), which are used as the mathematical model for rotating spin-1 Bose–Einstein condensates (BEC). The Lyapunov–Schmidt reduction is exploited to test the branching of nontrivial solution curves from the trivial one in some neighborhoods of bifurcation points. A multilevel continuation method is proposed for computing the ground state solution of rotating spin-1 BEC. By properly choosing the constraint conditions associated with the components of the parameter variable, the proposed algorithm can effectively compute the ground states of spin-1 87 R b and 23 N a under rapid rotation. Extensive numerical results demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed algorithm. In particular, the affect of the magnetization on the CGPEs is investigated.
ISSN:2045-2322
2045-2322
DOI:10.1038/s41598-021-02249-4