Weed diversity as affected by tillage and ammonium glufosinate herbicide

• Published in: Pesquisa agropecuária tropical 2022-01, Vol.52, p.e72771
• Main Authors: Alridiwirsah, Tampubolon, Koko, Mustamu, Novilda Elizabeth, Mujiyo, Mohammad, Mehdizadeh
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY; AGRONOMY; broadleaf weeds; grasses; sedges; weed abundance
• ISSN: 1517-6398; 1983-4063; 1983-4063
• DOI: 10.1590/1983-40632022v5272771

ABSTRACT Farmers in Indonesia generally spray herbicides to control weeds and use tillage during the early stages of crop cultivation; consequently, these activities affect the weed composition and diversity. This study aimed to evaluate the dominance and diversity index of weeds and obtain abundance correlations according to the soil chemical characteristics, as well as the effect of the ammonium glufosinate herbicide, in different tillage systems. A non-factorial randomized block design was used, consisting of no-tillage (NT), 1-time tillage (T1) and 2-times tillage (T2), with three replications. The Cyperus rotundus and Ageratum conyzoides weed species were dominant in the tillages. The diversity indices were 2.261, 2.196 and 2.234 (moderate/stable condition), respectively for the NT, T1 and T2. For T2, there were increases of 2.82-folds, 41 populations and 2.43-folds, respectively for A. conyzoides, Cynodon dactylon and Euphorbia heterophylla, when compared to NT, while a decrease was observed in grasses for T1 and T2 (50.71 and 26.05 %, respectively). Moreover, there was a positive and significant correlation for E. heterophylla according to the soil cation exchange capacity (0.727). In contrast, four new weed species (Glyceria maxima, Leersia oryzoides, Scoparia dulcis and Anthoxanthum oculatum) were found due to the ammonium glufosinate application, in the different tillage systems. RESUMO Na Indonésia, os agricultores geralmente pulverizam herbicidas para controlar plantas daninhas e revolvem o solo durante as fases iniciais de cultivo; consequentemente, essas atividades afetam a composição e a diversidade das plantas daninhas. Objetivou-se avaliar a dominância e o índice de diversidade de plantas daninhas e obter correlações de abundância considerando-se as características químicas do solo, bem como o efeito do herbicida glufosinato de amônio, em diferentes sistemas de preparo do solo. Utilizou-se delineamento não-fatorial em blocos casualizados, consistindo de não revolvimento (NR), um revolvimento (R1) e dois revolvimentos (R2) do solo, com três repetições. As espécies Cyperus rotundus e Ageratum conyzoides foram dominantes nos revolvimentos. Os índices de diversidade foram de 2,261; 2,196; e 2,234 (condição moderada/estável), respectivamente para o NR, R1 e R2. Para o R2, houve aumento de 2,82 vezes, 41 populações e 2,43 vezes, respectivamente para A. conyzoides, Cynodon dactylon e Euphorbia heterophylla, em comparação com o NR, enquanto uma di