Evaluating the near- and long-term role of carbon dioxide removal in meeting global climate objectives

The 6th Assessment Report from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change lacked sufficient land-sector scenario information to estimate total carbon dioxide removal deployment. Here, using a dataset of land-based carbon dioxide removal based on the scenarios assessed by the Intergovernmental Pan...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Communications earth & environment 2024-07, Vol.5 (1), p.377-7, Article 377
Main Authors: Ganti, Gaurav, Gasser, Thomas, Bui, Mai, Geden, Oliver, Lamb, William F., Minx, Jan C., Schleussner, Carl-Friedrich, Gidden, Matthew J.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Afforestation
Carbon dioxide
Carbon dioxide removal
Carbon sequestration
Climate change
Cost analysis
Deforestation
Emissions
Emissions control
Fossil fuels
Global climate
Greenhouse effect
Greenhouse gases
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
Mitigation
Net zero
Reforestation
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Summary:The 6th Assessment Report from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change lacked sufficient land-sector scenario information to estimate total carbon dioxide removal deployment. Here, using a dataset of land-based carbon dioxide removal based on the scenarios assessed by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, we show that removals via afforestation and reforestation play a critical near-term role in mitigation, accounting for around 10% (median) of the net greenhouse gas emission reductions between 2020 and 2030 in scenarios that limit warming to 1.5 °C with limited overshoot. Novel carbon dioxide removal technologies such as direct air carbon capture and storage scale to multi-gigatonne levels by 2050 and beyond to balance residual emissions and draw down warming. We show that reducing fossil fuel and deforestation emissions (gross emissions) accounts for over 80% of net greenhouse gas reductions until global net zero carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) independent of climate objective stringency. We explore the regional distributions of gross emissions and total carbon dioxide removal in cost-effective mitigation pathways and highlight the importance of incorporating fairness and broader sustainability considerations in future assessments of mitigation pathways with carbon dioxide removal.
ISSN:2662-4435
2662-4435
DOI:10.1038/s43247-024-01527-z