Occurrence, Impact on Agriculture, Human Health, and Management Strategies of Zearalenone in Food and Feed: A Review

Mycotoxins represent an assorted range of secondary fungal metabolites that extensively occur in numerous food and feed ingredients at any stage during pre- and post-harvest conditions. Zearalenone (ZEN), a mycotoxin categorized as a xenoestrogen poses structural similarity with natural estrogens th...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Toxins 2021-01, Vol.13 (2), p.92
Main Authors: Mahato, Dipendra Kumar, Devi, Sheetal, Pandhi, Shikha, Sharma, Bharti, Maurya, Kamlesh Kumar, Mishra, Sadhna, Dhawan, Kajal, Selvakumar, Raman, Kamle, Madhu, Mishra, Awdhesh Kumar, Kumar, Pradeep
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Agricultural commodities
Agricultural management
Agriculture
Animals
Barley
Biosynthesis
Cereal crops
Corn
Crops
Enzymes
Estrogen receptors
Estrogens
Feeds
Food
food and feed contamination
Food contamination & poisoning
Food safety
Genes
health issues
Humidity
management strategies
Metabolism
Metabolites
Mycotoxins
Proteins
Review
Zearalenone
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Summary:Mycotoxins represent an assorted range of secondary fungal metabolites that extensively occur in numerous food and feed ingredients at any stage during pre- and post-harvest conditions. Zearalenone (ZEN), a mycotoxin categorized as a xenoestrogen poses structural similarity with natural estrogens that enables its binding to the estrogen receptors leading to hormonal misbalance and numerous reproductive diseases. ZEN is mainly found in crops belonging to temperate regions, primarily in maize and other cereal crops that form an important part of various food and feed. Because of the significant adverse effects of ZEN on both human and animal, there is an alarming need for effective detection, mitigation, and management strategies to assure food and feed safety and security. The present review tends to provide an updated overview of the different sources, occurrence and biosynthetic mechanisms of ZEN in various food and feed. It also provides insight to its harmful effects on human health and agriculture along with its effective detection, management, and control strategies.
ISSN:2072-6651
2072-6651
DOI:10.3390/toxins13020092