Detection of Anaplasma and Ehrlichia bacteria in humans, wildlife, and ticks in the Amazon rainforest

• Published in: Nature communications 2024-05, Vol.15 (1), p.3988-3988, Article 3988
• Main Authors: Buysse, Marie, Koual, Rachid, Binetruy, Florian, de Thoisy, Benoit, Baudrimont, Xavier, Garnier, Stéphane, Douine, Maylis, Chevillon, Christine, Delsuc, Frédéric, Catzeflis, François, Bouchon, Didier, Duron, Olivier
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: 45/23; 49/47; 631/326/41/1470; 631/326/41/2530; 631/326/421; Anaplasma; Anaplasma - classification; Anaplasma - genetics; Anaplasma - isolation & purification; Anaplasma - pathogenicity; Anaplasmosis; Anaplasmosis - epidemiology; Anaplasmosis - microbiology; Anaplasmosis - transmission; Animals; Animals, Wild; Animals, Wild - microbiology; Arachnids; Bacteria; Biodiversity; Ehrlichia; Ehrlichia - classification; Ehrlichia - genetics; Ehrlichia - isolation & purification; Ehrlichiosis; Ehrlichiosis - epidemiology; Ehrlichiosis - microbiology; Ehrlichiosis - transmission; Ehrlichiosis - veterinary; Erythrocytes; French Guiana; Genetics; Genome, Bacterial; Genome, Bacterial - genetics; Genomes; Health hazards; Humanities and Social Sciences; Humans; Infections; Infectious diseases; Life Sciences; Metagenomics; Metagenomics - methods; Microbiology and Parasitology; multidisciplinary; Northern Hemisphere; Parasitic diseases; Parasitology; Pathogens; Phylogeny; Rainforest; Rainforests; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S - genetics; Science; Science (multidisciplinary); Tick-borne diseases; Ticks; Ticks - microbiology; Virulence factors; Wild animals; Wildlife
• ISSN: 2041-1723; 2041-1723
• DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48459-y

Tick-borne bacteria of the genera Ehrlichia and Anaplasma cause several emerging human infectious diseases worldwide. In this study, we conduct an extensive survey for Ehrlichia and Anaplasma infections in the rainforests of the Amazon biome of French Guiana. Through molecular genetics and metagenomics reconstruction, we observe a high indigenous biodiversity of infections circulating among humans, wildlife, and ticks inhabiting these ecosystems. Molecular typing identifies these infections as highly endemic, with a majority of new strains and putative species specific to French Guiana. They are detected in unusual rainforest wild animals, suggesting they have distinctive sylvatic transmission cycles. They also present potential health hazards, as revealed by the detection of Candidatus Anaplasma sparouinense in human red blood cells and that of a new close relative of the human pathogen Ehrlichia ewingii , Candidatus Ehrlichia cajennense, in the tick species that most frequently bite humans in South America. The genome assembly of three new putative species obtained from human, sloth, and tick metagenomes further reveals the presence of major homologs of Ehrlichia and Anaplasma virulence factors. These observations converge to classify health hazards associated with Ehrlichia and Anaplasma infections in the Amazon biome as distinct from those in the Northern Hemisphere. In this study, the authors detect diverse Ehrlichia and Anaplasma bacteria in samples from Amazonian wildlife, humans and ticks that are mostly distinct from pathogens detected in the Northern Hemisphere and that might indicate emerging health hazards from tick-borne diseases in the Amazon rainforests.