Risk Factors for Salmonella Infection in Children under Five Years: A Hospital-Based Study in Kilimanjaro Region, Tanzania

is among the causative agents for diarrhea worldwide, but its risk factors in Tanzanian children are poorly understood. A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Moshi, Kilimanjaro region, from July 2020 to November 2022 among children under five admitted with diarrhea. A questionnaire...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Pathogens (Basel) 2024-09, Vol.13 (9), p.798
Main Authors: Hugho, Ephrasia A, Mmbaga, Blandina T, Lukambagire, Abdul-Hamid S, Kinabo, Grace D, Thomas, Kate M, Kumburu, Happiness H, Hald, Tine
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Children
Data analysis
Diarrhea
Disease
Fatalities
Fever
Food
Food safety
Hospitals
Households
Hygiene
Infant formulas
Infection
Infections
Questionnaires
Regression analysis
Risk factors
Rural areas
Safety and security measures
Salmonella
salmonellosis
Socioeconomics
Tanzania
Variables
Vomiting
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Summary:is among the causative agents for diarrhea worldwide, but its risk factors in Tanzanian children are poorly understood. A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Moshi, Kilimanjaro region, from July 2020 to November 2022 among children under five admitted with diarrhea. A questionnaire was administered to all parents/caretakers of the enrolled children. Logistic regression was utilized to analyze the risk factors, with significance at < 0.05. A total of 306 children were enrolled in the study. The median age was 13.8 months (IQR 8.4-21.8). The majority (58.5%) were males, and 59.5% were from rural areas. was identified in eight (2.6%) stool samples, with a higher prevalence in urban than rural areas (4.8% vs. 1.1%; -value = 0.044). The significant risk factors associated with infection among the children included consuming raw milk (adjusted OR = 30.19; 95% CI: 3.94-231.46), using infant formula (adjusted OR = 15.78; 95% CI: 2.98-83.56), undisclosed household income (adjusted OR = 9.98; 95% CI: 2.46-40.12), purchasing eggs direct from the farms (adjusted OR = 7.58; 95%CI: 1.31-43.96), and contact with chickens (adjusted OR = 6.49; 95%CI: 1.25-33.59). These findings highlight the need for targeted interventions to improve food safety, hygiene practices, and socioeconomic conditions.
ISSN:2076-0817
2076-0817
DOI:10.3390/pathogens13090798