Improved Fire Retardancy of Cellulose Fibres via Deposition of Nitrogen-Modified Biopolyphenols

Driven by concerns over the health and environmental impacts of currently used fire retardants (FRs), recent years have seen strong demand for alternative safer and sustainable bio-based FRs. In this paper, we evaluated the potential of nitrogen-modified biopolyphenols as FRs for cellulosic natural...

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Published in:Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Switzerland), 2022-06, Vol.27 (12), p.3741
Main Authors: Pöhler, Tiina, Widsten, Petri, Hakkarainen, Tuula
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adsorption
Calorimetry
Carbon footprint
Cellulose
Cellulose fibers
Cellulose pulp
Construction industry
Decomposition
Fibers
fire performance
fire retardant
Flame retardants
Heat
Heat release rate
Heat transfer
Insulation
Lignin
micro-scale combustion calorimetry
modification
Nitrogen
Parameter modification
Polyphenols
Tannins
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Summary:Driven by concerns over the health and environmental impacts of currently used fire retardants (FRs), recent years have seen strong demand for alternative safer and sustainable bio-based FRs. In this paper, we evaluated the potential of nitrogen-modified biopolyphenols as FRs for cellulosic natural fibres that could be used in low-density cellulose insulations. We describe the preparation and characterisation of nitrogen-modified lignin and tannin containing over 10% nitrogen as well as the treatment of cellulose pulp fibres with combinations of lignin or tannin and adsorption-enhancing retention aids. Combining lignin or tannin with a mixture of commercial bio-based flocculant (cationised tannin) and anionic retention chemical allowed for a nearly fourfold increase in lignin adsorption onto cellulosic pulp. The nitrogen-modified biopolyphenols showed significant improvement in heat release parameters in micro-scale combustion calorimetry (MCC) testing compared with their unmodified counterparts. Moreover, the adsorption of nitrogen-modified lignin or tannin onto cellulose fibres decreased the maximum heat release rate and total heat release compared with cellulose reference by 15–23%. A further positive finding was that the temperature at the peak heat release rate did not change. These results show the potential of nitrogen-modified biopolyphenols to improve fire-retarding properties of cellulosic products.
ISSN:1420-3049
1420-3049
DOI:10.3390/molecules27123741