Blood Immune Cell Alterations in Patients with Hypertensive Left Ventricular Hypertrophy and Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction

(1) Background: Chronic inflammation and fibrosis are key players in cardiac remodeling associated with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and heart failure with a preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Monocytes and T-helpers (Th) are involved in both pro-inflammatory and fibrotic processes, while re...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of cardiovascular development and disease 2023-07, Vol.10 (7), p.310
Main Authors: Ovchinnikov, Artem, Filatova, Anastasiya, Potekhina, Alexandra, Arefieva, Tatiana, Gvozdeva, Anna, Ageev, Fail, Belyavskiy, Evgeny
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Asymptomatic
Cardiomyocytes
Care and treatment
Clinical deterioration
Cytokines
Diabetes
diastolic dysfunction
Disease
Doppler effect
Ejection fraction
Extracellular matrix
Fibroblasts
Heart
Heart enlargement
Heart failure
heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
Hypertension
left ventricular hypertrophy
Medical law
monocytes
Pulmonary arteries
Software packages
T cells
Type 2 diabetes
type 2 diabetes mellitus
Ultrasonic imaging
Velocity
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Summary:(1) Background: Chronic inflammation and fibrosis are key players in cardiac remodeling associated with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and heart failure with a preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Monocytes and T-helpers (Th) are involved in both pro-inflammatory and fibrotic processes, while regulatory T-cells (Treg) could be considered to suppress chronic inflammation in the hypertrophied myocardium. We aimed to estimate the relationship between the frequencies of circulating CD4 T-cell and monocyte subpopulations and the variables of left ventricular (LV) diastolic function in patients with LVH depending on the presence of HFpEF. (2) Methods: We enrolled 57 patients with asymptomatic hypertensive LVH ( = 21), or LVH associated with HFpEF ( = 36). A clinical assessment and echocardiographs were analyzed. CD4 Treg, activated Th (Th-act), and monocyte (classical, intermediate, and non-classical) subpopulations were evaluated via direct immunofluorescence and flow cytometry. (3) Results: Patients with HFpEF had a lower Treg/Th-act ratio ( = 0.001). Though asymptomatic patients and patients with HFpEF were comparable in terms of both the total monocyte number and monocyte subsets, there were moderate correlations between intermediate monocyte count and conventional and novel echocardiographic variables of LV diastolic dysfunction in patients with HFpEF. (4) Conclusions: In patients with LVH, the clinical deterioration (transition to HFpEF) and progression of LV diastolic dysfunction are probably associated with T-cell disbalance and an increase in intermediate monocyte counts.
ISSN:2308-3425
2308-3425
DOI:10.3390/jcdd10070310