PROTOCOL: Incentives for climate mitigation in the land use sector: a mixed‐methods systematic review of the effectiveness of payment for environment services (PES) on environmental and socio‐economic outcomes in low‐ and middle‐income countries

• Published in: Campbell systematic review 2018, Vol.14 (1), p.1-77
• Main Authors: Snilstveit, Birte, Stevenson, Jennifer, Langer, Laurenz, Polanin, Joshua, Shemilt, Ian, Eyers, John, Ferraro, Paul J.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Agricultural practices; Agricultural Production; Agriculture; Anthropogenic factors; Behavior change; Capacity Building; Capacity building approach; Capacity development; Carbon sequestration; Climate; Climate change; Climate change mitigation; Community Relations; Conservation; Conservation (Environment); Deforestation; Degradation; Emissions; Employment; Farm buildings; Forest degradation; Forests; Greenhouse gases; Households; Incentives; Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change; Land use; Livestock; Mitigation; Mixed methods research; Poverty; Protocol; Socioeconomic factors; Soil Science; Sustainable use; Systematic review; Vegetation
• ISSN: 1891-1803; 1891-1803
• DOI: 10.1002/CL2.209

Background The problem, condition or issue Around a quarter of all anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions originate from the agricultural, forest and other land use sector (AFOLU), driven primarily by deforestation, forest degradation and emissions from unsustainable livestock, soil and nutrient management practices (IPCC, 2014). [...]there is also a large potential for climate change mitigation in the sector, through removal of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere (carbon sequestration) and reduction in emissions from reduced forest and vegetation removal and improved agricultural practices. [...]forests provide paid employment for at least 100 million people and support the livelihoods of many millions more (FAO, 2016b). [...]while the original goal of the PSAH was to maintain the provision of hydrological services from Mexico's forested land, in 2006 the objectives were extended to alleviating poverty (Alix-Garcia et al., ibid). Because of the restrictions around land use from participating in the programme, implementers of PES programmes sometimes combine them with other activities to support behaviour change, such as awareness raising activities around environmental conservation or capacity building in sustainable resource use ( Sharma & Pattanayak, 2015).