How Much Phosphorus Uptake Is Required for Achieving Maximum Maize Grain Yield? Part 1: Luxury Consumption and Implications for Yield

Development of a more precise and process-based tool for making phosphorus (P) recommendations requires detailed understanding of plant P uptake needs. Future adaptation of a nutrient uptake model for this purpose must utilize a mass-balance approach. The objectives of this study were to determine t...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Agronomy (Basel) 2023-01, Vol.13 (1), p.95
Main Authors: Penn, Chad J., Camberato, James J., Wiethorn, Matthew A.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Bioavailability
Biomass
Consumption
Corn
Crop yield
Fertility
Fertilizers
Gene expression
Humidity
Hybrids
Hydroponics
luxury consumption
Mass balance
Nutrient balance
Nutrient concentrations
nutrient modelling
nutrient recommendations
Nutrient uptake
nutrient use research
Nutrients
Partitioning
Phosphorus
phosphorus uptake
soil fertility
Soil testing
Variance analysis
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Summary:Development of a more precise and process-based tool for making phosphorus (P) recommendations requires detailed understanding of plant P uptake needs. Future adaptation of a nutrient uptake model for this purpose must utilize a mass-balance approach. The objectives of this study were to determine the minimum P uptake mass required for achieving maximum grain yield of maize and to evaluate plant P partitioning over a range of P uptake. Three maize hybrids were grown under optimal conditions using sand-culture hydroponics for precise control of the root environment. Plants were grown to maturity with six different P concentrations followed by biomass and nutrient partitioning analysis of various maize parts. Phosphorus uptake occurred in three phases with two steps of luxury consumption; (i) increased uptake with increased grain yield and total biomass until maximum grain yield was attained at 580 mg P uptake, (ii) further P uptake with increase in total biomass until 730 mg P uptake, but with decrease in grain yield; and (iii) additional P uptake with little to no increase in total biomass and continued decrease in grain yield. Luxury consumption of P implies that excess P fertility is an economic drag for grain production.
ISSN:2073-4395
2073-4395
DOI:10.3390/agronomy13010095