Influences of the Culturing Media in the Virulence and Cell Wall of Sporothrix schenckii, Sporothrix brasiliensis, and Sporothrix globosa

Sporothrix schenckii, Sporothrix brasiliensis, and Sporothrix globosa are etiological agents of sporotrichosis, a human subcutaneous mycosis. Although the protocols to evaluate Sporothrix virulence in animal models are well described, the cell preparation before inoculation is not standardized, and...

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Published in:Journal of fungi (Basel) 2020-11, Vol.6 (4), p.323
Main Authors: Lozoya-Pérez, Nancy E., Clavijo-Giraldo, Diana M., Martínez-Duncker, Iván, García-Carnero, Laura C., López-Ramírez, Luz A., Niño-Vega, Gustavo A., Mora-Montes, Héctor M.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animal models
b-1,3-Glucan
Carbon
Cell culture
Cell surface
Cell walls
Cytotoxicity
Epidemics
glucan
Glucose
Growth conditions
Hemocytes
Infections
Inoculation
invertebrate infection model
Invertebrates
Laboratory animals
lactate dehydrogenase
Mammals
Morphology
Mortality
Mycosis
Nitrogen
Pathogens
Phenoloxidase
Polysaccharides
Sporothrix brasiliensis
Sporothrix globosa
Sporothrix schenckii
Sporotrichosis
Virulence
Zoonoses
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Summary:Sporothrix schenckii, Sporothrix brasiliensis, and Sporothrix globosa are etiological agents of sporotrichosis, a human subcutaneous mycosis. Although the protocols to evaluate Sporothrix virulence in animal models are well described, the cell preparation before inoculation is not standardized, and several culturing media are used to grow yeast-like cells. Here, we found that carbon or nitrogen limitation during fungal cell preparation negatively impacted the ability of S. schenckii and S. brasiliensis to kill Galleria mellonella larvae, but not S. globosa. The fungal growth conditions associated with the short median survival of animals were accompanied by increased hemocyte countings, phenoloxidase activity, and cytotoxicity. The fungal growth under carbon or nitrogen limitation also affected the cell wall composition of both S. schenckii and S. brasiliensis and showed increased exposure of β-1,3-glucan at the cell surface, while those growing conditions had a minimal impact on the S.globosa wall, which had higher levels of this polysaccharide exposed on the wall regardless of the culture condition. This polysaccharide exposure was linked to the increased ability of insect hemocytes to uptake fungal cells, suggesting that this is one of the mechanisms behind the lower virulence of S.globosa or cells from the other species grown in carbon or nitrogen limitation.
ISSN:2309-608X
2309-608X
DOI:10.3390/jof6040323