Fatty Acid Composition of Milk from Mothers with Normal Weight, Obesity, or Gestational Diabetes

Gestation and the neonatal period are crucial periods in infant development. Many components of breast milk, including fatty acids, play an important role in strengthening the immune system. The aim of our research was to evaluate the fatty acid profiles of milk from 69 mothers, including subjects h...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Life (Basel, Switzerland) Switzerland), 2022-07, Vol.12 (7), p.1093
Main Authors: Simon Sarkadi, Livia, Zhang, Miaomiao, Muránszky, Géza, Vass, Réka Anna, Matsyura, Oksana, Benes, Eszter, Vari, Sandor G.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Babies
Baby foods
Body mass
Body mass index
Body size
Breast milk
Breastfeeding & lactation
Cholesterol
Composition
Diabetes mellitus
Diet
Discriminant analysis
Fatty acid composition
Fatty acids
Flame ionization
Gas chromatography
Gestational diabetes
Immune system
Insulin
Ionization
Lauric acid
Linoleic acid
Linolenic acid
Mass spectrometry
Mass spectroscopy
Milk
mother milk
Neonates
Nutrition research
Obesity
Oils & fats
Palmitic acid
Pregnancy
Principal components analysis
Roles
Stearic acid
Trans fats
Weight
Womens health
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Summary:Gestation and the neonatal period are crucial periods in infant development. Many components of breast milk, including fatty acids, play an important role in strengthening the immune system. The aim of our research was to evaluate the fatty acid profiles of milk from 69 mothers, including subjects having a normal weight, obesity, or gestational diabetes. For the analyses, we used gas chromatography (GC) with flame ionization detection (FID) and GC coupled with mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The main fatty acids found in breast milk were palmitic acid (C16:0; 26–28%), linoleic acid (C18:2; 23–28%), and α-linolenic acid linoleic acid (C18:3; 15–17%), followed by myristic acid (C14:0; 5–8%), lauric acid (C12:0; 4–6%) and stearic acid (C18:0; 4–5%). The average breakdown of fatty acids was 50% saturated, 44% polyunsaturated, and 6% monounsaturated. Breast milk samples were classified using principal component analysis and linear discriminant analysis. Results showed that milk from the two major groups of obese and normal body mass index (BMI) could be distinguished with an accuracy of 89.66%. Breast milk samples of Hungarian and Ukrainian mothers showed significant differences based on the fatty acid composition, which variations are attributable to the mothers’ dietary habits.
ISSN:2075-1729
2075-1729
DOI:10.3390/life12071093