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Mechanisms and Functions of Long Non-Coding RNAs at Multiple Regulatory Levels
Long non-coding (lnc) RNAs are non-coding RNAs longer than 200 nt. lncRNAs primarily interact with mRNA, DNA, protein, and miRNA and consequently regulate gene expression at the epigenetic, transcriptional, post-transcriptional, translational, and post-translational levels in a variety of ways. They...
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| Published in: | International journal of molecular sciences 2019-11, Vol.20 (22), p.5573 |
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| container_issue | 22 |
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| container_title | International journal of molecular sciences |
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| creator | Zhang, Xiaopei Wang, Wei Zhu, Weidong Dong, Jie Cheng, Yingying Yin, Zujun Shen, Fafu |
| description | Long non-coding (lnc) RNAs are non-coding RNAs longer than 200 nt. lncRNAs primarily interact with mRNA, DNA, protein, and miRNA and consequently regulate gene expression at the epigenetic, transcriptional, post-transcriptional, translational, and post-translational levels in a variety of ways. They play important roles in biological processes such as chromatin remodeling, transcriptional activation, transcriptional interference, RNA processing, and mRNA translation. lncRNAs have important functions in plant growth and development; biotic and abiotic stress responses; and in regulation of cell differentiation, the cell cycle, and the occurrence of many diseases in humans and animals. In this review, we summarize the functions and mechanisms of lncRNAs in plants, humans, and animals at different regulatory levels. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.3390/ijms20225573 |
| format | article |
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They play important roles in biological processes such as chromatin remodeling, transcriptional activation, transcriptional interference, RNA processing, and mRNA translation. lncRNAs have important functions in plant growth and development; biotic and abiotic stress responses; and in regulation of cell differentiation, the cell cycle, and the occurrence of many diseases in humans and animals. In this review, we summarize the functions and mechanisms of lncRNAs in plants, humans, and animals at different regulatory levels.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1422-0067</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 1661-6596</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1422-0067</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/ijms20225573</identifier><identifier>PMID: 31717266</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Switzerland: MDPI AG</publisher><subject>Acetylation ; Animals ; Biological activity ; Cell cycle ; Chromatin ; Chromatin - metabolism ; Cold ; Deoxyribonucleic acid ; DNA ; DNA methylation ; DNA Methylation - genetics ; Enzymes ; epigenetic ; Epigenetics ; Experiments ; Flowering ; Gastric cancer ; Gene expression ; Gene regulation ; Genome ; Histones ; Histones - metabolism ; Homology ; Humans ; Leukemia ; lncrna ; Lysine ; Methylase ; mRNA processing ; Non-coding RNA ; Polycomb group proteins ; Post-transcription ; post-transcriptional ; Post-translation ; post-translational modification ; Protein Processing, Post-Translational ; Proteins ; Review ; RNA polymerase ; RNA, Long Noncoding - genetics ; RNA, Long Noncoding - metabolism ; Transcription factors ; transcriptional ; Translation</subject><ispartof>International journal of molecular sciences, 2019-11, Vol.20 (22), p.5573</ispartof><rights>2019. This work is licensed under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ (the “License”). 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They play important roles in biological processes such as chromatin remodeling, transcriptional activation, transcriptional interference, RNA processing, and mRNA translation. lncRNAs have important functions in plant growth and development; biotic and abiotic stress responses; and in regulation of cell differentiation, the cell cycle, and the occurrence of many diseases in humans and animals. In this review, we summarize the functions and mechanisms of lncRNAs in plants, humans, and animals at different regulatory levels.</description><subject>Acetylation</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Biological activity</subject><subject>Cell cycle</subject><subject>Chromatin</subject><subject>Chromatin - metabolism</subject><subject>Cold</subject><subject>Deoxyribonucleic acid</subject><subject>DNA</subject><subject>DNA methylation</subject><subject>DNA Methylation - genetics</subject><subject>Enzymes</subject><subject>epigenetic</subject><subject>Epigenetics</subject><subject>Experiments</subject><subject>Flowering</subject><subject>Gastric cancer</subject><subject>Gene expression</subject><subject>Gene regulation</subject><subject>Genome</subject><subject>Histones</subject><subject>Histones - metabolism</subject><subject>Homology</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Leukemia</subject><subject>lncrna</subject><subject>Lysine</subject><subject>Methylase</subject><subject>mRNA processing</subject><subject>Non-coding RNA</subject><subject>Polycomb group proteins</subject><subject>Post-transcription</subject><subject>post-transcriptional</subject><subject>Post-translation</subject><subject>post-translational modification</subject><subject>Protein Processing, Post-Translational</subject><subject>Proteins</subject><subject>Review</subject><subject>RNA polymerase</subject><subject>RNA, Long Noncoding - genetics</subject><subject>RNA, Long Noncoding - metabolism</subject><subject>Transcription factors</subject><subject>transcriptional</subject><subject>Translation</subject><issn>1422-0067</issn><issn>1661-6596</issn><issn>1422-0067</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2019</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>PIMPY</sourceid><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNpdkUFrFDEYhoMotlZvnmXASw-Ofkkmk8xFKIvVwnaFoufwTZLZZplJ1mSm0H9vdGvZmks-koeHN3kJeUvhI-cdfPK7KTNgTAjJn5FT2jBWA7Ty-dF8Ql7lvANgnInuJTnhVFLJ2vaUbK6ducXg85QrDLa6XIKZfQy5ikO1jmFbbWKoV9H6Mt5sLgo1V9fLOPv96Kobt11GnGO6r9buzo35NXkx4Jjdm4f9jPy8_PJj9a1ef_96tbpY10Y0zVxbhcg6C8x1A3bGOoG0g0FJlMb0kjMDig5ABcihd4iqM-CMbEG0SoEa-Bm5OnhtxJ3eJz9hutcRvf57ENNWY5q9GZ22DA3HvrW0KQtUz0xr0LS2Fw0wqorr88G1X_rJWePCnHB8In16E_yt3sY7XbKUMLwIzh8EKf5aXJ715LNx44jBxSVrxksRglHeFfT9f-guLimUryoUL-0IwUWhPhwok2LOyQ2PYSjoP6Xr49IL_u74AY_wv5b5bwy1p7c</recordid><startdate>20191108</startdate><enddate>20191108</enddate><creator>Zhang, Xiaopei</creator><creator>Wang, Wei</creator><creator>Zhu, Weidong</creator><creator>Dong, Jie</creator><creator>Cheng, Yingying</creator><creator>Yin, Zujun</creator><creator>Shen, Fafu</creator><general>MDPI AG</general><general>MDPI</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>8G5</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>GUQSH</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M2O</scope><scope>MBDVC</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><scope>DOA</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1977-8712</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5705-8591</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20191108</creationdate><title>Mechanisms and Functions of Long Non-Coding RNAs at Multiple Regulatory Levels</title><author>Zhang, Xiaopei ; Wang, Wei ; Zhu, Weidong ; Dong, Jie ; Cheng, Yingying ; Yin, Zujun ; Shen, Fafu</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c544t-d8aa29d02e9fa9cde5a190f87a7ccb732c081f01507fbeaa89c0ec760568808f3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2019</creationdate><topic>Acetylation</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Biological activity</topic><topic>Cell cycle</topic><topic>Chromatin</topic><topic>Chromatin - metabolism</topic><topic>Cold</topic><topic>Deoxyribonucleic acid</topic><topic>DNA</topic><topic>DNA methylation</topic><topic>DNA Methylation - genetics</topic><topic>Enzymes</topic><topic>epigenetic</topic><topic>Epigenetics</topic><topic>Experiments</topic><topic>Flowering</topic><topic>Gastric cancer</topic><topic>Gene expression</topic><topic>Gene regulation</topic><topic>Genome</topic><topic>Histones</topic><topic>Histones - metabolism</topic><topic>Homology</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Leukemia</topic><topic>lncrna</topic><topic>Lysine</topic><topic>Methylase</topic><topic>mRNA processing</topic><topic>Non-coding RNA</topic><topic>Polycomb group proteins</topic><topic>Post-transcription</topic><topic>post-transcriptional</topic><topic>Post-translation</topic><topic>post-translational modification</topic><topic>Protein Processing, Post-Translational</topic><topic>Proteins</topic><topic>Review</topic><topic>RNA polymerase</topic><topic>RNA, Long Noncoding - genetics</topic><topic>RNA, Long Noncoding - metabolism</topic><topic>Transcription factors</topic><topic>transcriptional</topic><topic>Translation</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Xiaopei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Wei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhu, Weidong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dong, Jie</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cheng, Yingying</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yin, Zujun</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shen, Fafu</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Research Library (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>Research Library Prep</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Research Library</collection><collection>Research Library (Corporate)</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>International journal of molecular sciences</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Zhang, Xiaopei</au><au>Wang, Wei</au><au>Zhu, Weidong</au><au>Dong, Jie</au><au>Cheng, Yingying</au><au>Yin, Zujun</au><au>Shen, Fafu</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Mechanisms and Functions of Long Non-Coding RNAs at Multiple Regulatory Levels</atitle><jtitle>International journal of molecular sciences</jtitle><addtitle>Int J Mol Sci</addtitle><date>2019-11-08</date><risdate>2019</risdate><volume>20</volume><issue>22</issue><spage>5573</spage><pages>5573-</pages><issn>1422-0067</issn><issn>1661-6596</issn><eissn>1422-0067</eissn><abstract>Long non-coding (lnc) RNAs are non-coding RNAs longer than 200 nt. lncRNAs primarily interact with mRNA, DNA, protein, and miRNA and consequently regulate gene expression at the epigenetic, transcriptional, post-transcriptional, translational, and post-translational levels in a variety of ways. They play important roles in biological processes such as chromatin remodeling, transcriptional activation, transcriptional interference, RNA processing, and mRNA translation. lncRNAs have important functions in plant growth and development; biotic and abiotic stress responses; and in regulation of cell differentiation, the cell cycle, and the occurrence of many diseases in humans and animals. In this review, we summarize the functions and mechanisms of lncRNAs in plants, humans, and animals at different regulatory levels.</abstract><cop>Switzerland</cop><pub>MDPI AG</pub><pmid>31717266</pmid><doi>10.3390/ijms20225573</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1977-8712</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5705-8591</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Acetylation Animals Biological activity Cell cycle Chromatin Chromatin - metabolism Cold Deoxyribonucleic acid DNA DNA methylation DNA Methylation - genetics Enzymes epigenetic Epigenetics Experiments Flowering Gastric cancer Gene expression Gene regulation Genome Histones Histones - metabolism Homology Humans Leukemia lncrna Lysine Methylase mRNA processing Non-coding RNA Polycomb group proteins Post-transcription post-transcriptional Post-translation post-translational modification Protein Processing, Post-Translational Proteins Review RNA polymerase RNA, Long Noncoding - genetics RNA, Long Noncoding - metabolism Transcription factors transcriptional Translation |
| title | Mechanisms and Functions of Long Non-Coding RNAs at Multiple Regulatory Levels |
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