Amino Acid Catabolism: An Overlooked Area of Metabolism

Amino acids have been extensively studied in nutrition, mainly as key elements for maintaining optimal protein synthesis in the body as well as precursors of various nitrogen-containing compounds. However, it is now known that amino acid catabolism is an important element for the metabolic control o...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published in:Nutrients 2023-07, Vol.15 (15), p.3378
Main Authors: Torres, Nimbe, Tobón-Cornejo, Sandra, Velazquez-Villegas, Laura A, Noriega, Lilia G, Alemán-Escondrillas, Gabriela, Tovar, Armando R
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
amino acid catabolism
Amino acids
Amino Acids - metabolism
Ammonia
Bacteria
Bioavailability
Dehydrogenases
Enzymes
Epigenesis, Genetic
epigenetics
Fatty acids
gene transcription
gut microbiota
Humans
immune response
Insulin Resistance
Metabolism
Metabolites
Microbiota
Microbiota (Symbiotic organisms)
MicroRNAs
Nitrogen
Obesity
Physiological aspects
Physiology
Polyamines
Polypeptides
Protein biosynthesis
Protein synthesis
Proteins
Review
Small intestine
Type 2 diabetes
Citations: Items that this one cites
Items that cite this one
Online Access:Get full text
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
Description
Summary:Amino acids have been extensively studied in nutrition, mainly as key elements for maintaining optimal protein synthesis in the body as well as precursors of various nitrogen-containing compounds. However, it is now known that amino acid catabolism is an important element for the metabolic control of different biological processes, although it is still a developing field to have a deeper understanding of its biological implications. The mechanisms involved in the regulation of amino acid catabolism now include the contribution of the gut microbiota to amino acid oxidation and metabolite generation in the intestine, the molecular mechanisms of transcriptional control, and the participation of specific miRNAs involved in the regulation of amino acid degrading enzymes. In addition, molecules derived from amino acid catabolism play a role in metabolism as they are used in the epigenetic regulation of many genes. Thus, this review aims to examine the mechanisms of amino acid catabolism and to support the idea that this process is associated with the immune response, abnormalities during obesity, in particular insulin resistance, and the regulation of thermogenesis.
ISSN:2072-6643
2072-6643
DOI:10.3390/nu15153378