Diabetic neuropathy: A NRF2 disease?

The transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (NRF2) has multifarious action with its target genes having redox‐regulating functions and being involved in inflammation control, proteostasis, autophagy, and metabolic pathways. Therefore, the genes controlled by NRF2 are involve...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of diabetes 2024-09, Vol.16 (9), p.e13524-n/a
Main Authors: Neagu, Monica, Constantin, Carolina, Surcel, Mihaela, Munteanu, Adriana, Scheau, Cristian, Savulescu‐Fiedler, Ilinca, Caruntu, Constantin
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
biomarker
Biomarkers
Diabetes
Diabetic neuropathy
inflammation
Metabolism
NRF2
Review
therapy target
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Summary:The transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (NRF2) has multifarious action with its target genes having redox‐regulating functions and being involved in inflammation control, proteostasis, autophagy, and metabolic pathways. Therefore, the genes controlled by NRF2 are involved in the pathogenesis of myriad diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, metabolic syndrome, neurodegenerative diseases, autoimmune disorders, and cancer. Amidst this large array of diseases, diabetic neuropathy (DN) occurs in half of patients diagnosed with diabetes and appears as an injury inflicted upon peripheral and autonomic nervous systems. As a complex effector factor, NRF2 has entered the spotlight during the search of new biomarkers and/or new therapy targets in DN. Due to the growing attention for NRF2 as a modulating factor in several diseases, including DN, this paper aims to update the recently discovered regulatory pathways of NRF2 in oxidative stress, inflammation and immunity. It presents the animal models that further facilitated the human studies in regard to NRF2 modulation and the possibilities of using NRF2 as DN biomarker and/or as target therapy. Highlights Nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (NRF2) is an oxidant stress response transcription factor, and is involved in metabolism, inflammation, autophagy, proteostasis, mitochondrial physiology, and immune responses. Chronic hyperglycemia in diabetes and prediabetes conditions induces a decrease in NRF2 that leads to an increase of oxidative stress and inflammation. NRF2 links neuroinflammation and apoptotic pathways and contributes to the development of diabetic neuropathy.
ISSN:1753-0393
1753-0407
1753-0407
DOI:10.1111/1753-0407.13524