Memory Impairment, Pro-Inflammatory Host Response and Brain Histopathologic Severity in Rats Infected with K. pneumoniae or P. aeruginosa Meningitis

• Published in: Pathogens (Basel) 2022-08, Vol.11 (8), p.933
• Main Authors: Elwakil, Bassma H, Bakr, Basant A, Aljeldah, Mohammed M, Shehata, Nourhan S, Shahin, Yahya H, Olama, Zakia A, Augustyniak, Maria, Aboul-Soud, Mourad A M, El Wakil, Abeer
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Acetylcholinesterase; Alzheimer's disease; Animal diseases; Animal health; Animal models; Automation; Bacteria; bacterial infection; Bacterial infections; bacterial meningitis; Biochemical markers; Blood vessels; Brain; brain pathology; Brain research; Brain-derived neurotrophic factor; Central nervous system; Cerebral cortex; Cerebral infarction; Cerebrospinal fluid; Chemokines; Cytokines; dementia; Esterase; Experiments; Fatalities; Gliosis; Hematology; Hemoglobin; Hemorrhage; Histopathology; IL-1β; Infections; Infectious diseases; Inflammation; Interleukin 6; Intervals; Klebsiella; Klebsiella pneumoniae; Laboratory animals; Medical research; Memory; Meningitis; Neurodegenerative diseases; Neurotransmitters; Pathogenesis; Pediatrics; Proteins; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Subarachnoid space; Time dependence; Tumor necrosis factor-α; Vacuoles
• ISSN: 2076-0817; 2076-0817
• DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11080933

Meningitis caused by and has lately become a prevalent cause of the central nervous system (CNS) infection. Bacterial invasion into the subarachnoid space prompts the releasing mechanism of chemokines and pro-inflammatory cytokines. The present study aimed to compare and meningitis concerning the memory, pro-inflammatory mediators and brain histopathological changes at different time intervals in adult Albino rats. The animals were sacrificed at three time intervals comprising 5, 10 and 15 days after meningitis induction. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) culture, relative brain weights, complete blood analysis, biochemical markers, levels of cytokine, chemokine and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), neurotransmitter acetylcholine esterase (AChE) activity, and the brain histopathology of the infected rats in comparison to those in the control group were assessed. There was a significant increase in the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines including TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and AChE after 5 days of bacterial meningitis infection with both and . The histopathological analysis of the cerebral cortex in the meningitis model at different time intervals revealed abundant numbers of dilated and congested blood vessels with severe hemorrhage, cerebral infarct, intracellular and extracellular vacuoles, and gliosis. Fifteen days post infection, a significant reduction in the brain tissue weight was observed. The meningitis model employing exhibited more evident time-dependent severity compared to , which may advocate its validity as a simple and effective research model to study meningitis of the CNS. This model may be utilized for further investigation to ascertain the molecular and biological association between bacterial meningitis and the development of the pathophysiological hallmarks underlying Alzheimer's disease in preclinical and clinical setups. Clinical extrapolation based on studies employing animal disease models should be carefully interpreted.