Transcriptional Regulation of Aflatoxin Biosynthesis and Conidiation in Aspergillus flavus by Wickerhamomyces anomalus WRL-076 for Reduction of Aflatoxin Contamination

is a ubiquitous saprophytic fungus found in soils across the world. The fungus is the major producer of aflatoxin (AF) B₁, which is toxic and a potent carcinogen to humans. Aflatoxin B₁ (AFB₁) is often detected in agricultural crops such as corn, peanut, almond, and pistachio. It is a serious and re...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Toxins 2019-02, Vol.11 (2), p.81
Main Authors: Hua, Sui Sheng T, Sarreal, Siov Bouy L, Chang, Perng-Kuang, Yu, Jiujiang
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
aflatoxin
Aflatoxin B1
Aflatoxins
Aflatoxins - biosynthesis
Agricultural commodities
Aspergillus flavus
Aspergillus flavus - physiology
biocontrol mechanism
Biological control
Biological Control Agents
Biomass
Biosynthesis
Carcinogens
Coculture Techniques
conidiation
Contamination
Economic impact
Field tests
Food Contamination - prevention & control
food safety
Fruits
Fungi
Gene expression
Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal
Gene regulation
Genes
Genomics
Molecular modelling
Peanuts
Saccharomycetales
Soil contamination
Soil microorganisms
Spores, Fungal
Transcription
Transcription factors
Wickerhamomyces anomalus
Yeasts
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Summary:is a ubiquitous saprophytic fungus found in soils across the world. The fungus is the major producer of aflatoxin (AF) B₁, which is toxic and a potent carcinogen to humans. Aflatoxin B₁ (AFB₁) is often detected in agricultural crops such as corn, peanut, almond, and pistachio. It is a serious and recurrent problem and causes substantial economic losses. WRL-076 was identified as an effective biocontrol yeast against . In this study, the associated molecular mechanisms of biocontrol were investigated. We found that the expression levels of eight genes, , , , , , , , and in the aflatoxin biosynthetic pathway cluster were suppressed. The decreases ranged from several to 10,000 fold in fungal samples co-cultured with . Expression levels of conidiation regulatory genes , , and as well as sclerotial regulatory gene ( ) were all down regulated. Consistent with the decreased gene expression levels, aflatoxin concentrations in cultural medium were reduced to barely detectable. Furthermore, fungal biomass and conidial number were significantly reduced by 60% and more than 95%, respectively. The results validate the biocontrol efficacy of WRL-076 observed in the field experiments.
ISSN:2072-6651
2072-6651
DOI:10.3390/toxins11020081