Vascular and Neuronal Network Formation Regulated by Growth Factors and Guidance Cues

Blood vessels and nerves are distributed throughout the body and show a high degree of anatomical parallelism and functional crosstalk. These networks transport oxygen, nutrients, and information to maintain homeostasis. Thus, disruption of network formation can cause diseases. Nervous system develo...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Life (Basel, Switzerland) Switzerland), 2023-01, Vol.13 (2), p.283
Main Authors: Wakayama, Yuki, Yamagishi, Satoru
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Actin
Angiogenesis
Axons
blood vessel formation
Blood vessels
Cell adhesion & migration
Cellular control mechanisms
Cytosol
Endothelial cells
Endothelium
Filopodia
Growth factors
guidance molecules
Homeostasis
Hypoxia
Kinases
Lamellipodia
Macular degeneration
Membrane proteins
Neovascularization
Nervous system
Network formation
Neural networks
Neurogenesis
neuronal formation
Neurons
Nutrients
Phosphorylation
Photoreceptors
Physiological aspects
Physiological research
Physiology
Retina
Review
Roles
Slit protein
Spinal cord
Vascular endothelial growth factor
Veins & arteries
Vertebrates
Zebrafish
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Summary:Blood vessels and nerves are distributed throughout the body and show a high degree of anatomical parallelism and functional crosstalk. These networks transport oxygen, nutrients, and information to maintain homeostasis. Thus, disruption of network formation can cause diseases. Nervous system development requires the navigation of the axons of neurons to their correct destination. Blood vessel formation occurs via vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. Vasculogenesis is the process of de novo blood vessel formation, and angiogenesis is the process whereby endothelial cells sprout from pre-existing vessels. Both developmental processes require guidance molecules to establish precise branching patterns of these systems in the vertebrate body. These network formations are regulated by growth factors, such as vascular endothelial growth factor; and guidance cues, such as ephrin, netrin, semaphorin, and slit. Neuronal and vascular structures extend lamellipodia and filopodia, which sense guidance cues that are mediated by the Rho family and actin cytosol rearrangement, to migrate to the goal during development. Furthermore, endothelial cells regulate neuronal development and vice versa. In this review, we describe the guidance molecules that regulate neuronal and vascular network formation.
ISSN:2075-1729
2075-1729
DOI:10.3390/life13020283