The Deep Learning-Crop Platform (DL-CRoP): For Species-Level Identification and Nutrient Status of Agricultural Crops

• Published in: Research (Washington) 2024, Vol.7, p.0491
• Main Authors: Urfan, Mohammad, Rajput, Prakriti, Mahajan, Palak, Sharma, Shubham, Hakla, Haroon Rashid, Kour, Verasis, Khajuria, Bhubneshwari, Chowdhary, Rehana, Lehana, Parveen Kumar, Karlupia, Namrata, Abrol, Pawanesh, Tran, Lam Son Phan, Choudhary, Sikander Pal
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• ISSN: 2639-5274; 2639-5274
• DOI: 10.34133/research.0491

Precise and timely detection of a crop's nutrient requirement will play a crucial role in assuring optimum plant growth and crop yield. The present study introduces a reliable deep learning platform called "Deep Learning-Crop Platform" (DL-CRoP) for the identification of some commercially grown plants and their nutrient requirements using leaf, stem, and root images using a convolutional neural network (CNN). It extracts intrinsic feature patterns through hierarchical mapping and provides remarkable outcomes in identification tasks. The DL-CRoP platform is trained on the plant image dataset, namely, Jammu University-Botany Image Database (JU-BID), available at https://github.com/urfanbutt. The findings demonstrate implementation of DL-CRoP-cases A (uses shoot images) and B (uses leaf images) for species identification for (tomato), (Vigna), and (maize), and cases C (uses leaf images) and D (uses root images) for diagnosis of nitrogen deficiency in maize. The platform achieved a higher rate of accuracy at 80-20, 70-30, and 60-40 splits for all the case studies, compared with established algorithms such as random forest, K-nearest neighbor, support vector machine, AdaBoost, and naïve Bayes. It provides a higher accuracy rate in classification parameters like recall, precision, and F1 score for cases A (90.45%), B (100%), and C (93.21), while a medium-level accuracy of 68.54% for case D. To further improve the accuracy of the platform in case study C, the CNN was modified including a multi-head attention (MHA) block. It resulted in the enhancement of the accuracy of classifying the nitrogen deficiency above 95%. The platform could play an important role in evaluating the health status of crop plants along with a role in precise identification of species. It may be used as a better module for precision crop cultivation under limited nutrient conditions.