Mid-Pleistocene Transitions Forced Himalayan ibex to Evolve Independently after Split into an Allopatric Refugium

Pleistocene glaciations had profound impact on the spatial distribution and genetic makeup of species in temperate ecosystems. While the glacial period trapped several species into glacial refugia and caused abrupt decline in large populations, the interglacial period facilitated population growth a...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Biology (Basel, Switzerland) Switzerland), 2023-08, Vol.12 (8), p.1097
Main Authors: Jabin, Gul, Joshi, Bheem Dutt, Wang, Ming-Shan, Mukherjee, Tanoy, Dolker, Stanzin, Wang, Sheng, Chandra, Kailash, Chinnadurai, Venkatraman, Sharma, Lalit Kumar, Thakur, Mukesh
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
allopatric speciation
Analysis
Capra sibirica
Conservation
Demographics
Demography
Genomes
Genomic analysis
Genomics
Geographical distribution
Geographical isolation
Himalayan ibex
Interglacial periods
Mitochondrial DNA
Mountains
Mutation
Phylogenetics
Phylogeny
Pleistocene
Pleistocene glaciations
Population
Population growth
Range extension
Refugia
Spatial distribution
Speciation
Species
Taxonomic revision
Taxonomy
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Summary:Pleistocene glaciations had profound impact on the spatial distribution and genetic makeup of species in temperate ecosystems. While the glacial period trapped several species into glacial refugia and caused abrupt decline in large populations, the interglacial period facilitated population growth and range expansion leading to allopatric speciation. Here, we analyzed 40 genomes of four species of ibex and found that Himalayan ibex in the Pamir Mountains evolved independently after splitting from its main range about 0.1 mya following the Pleistocene species pump concept. Demographic trajectories showed Himalayan ibex experienced two historic bottlenecks, one each c. 0.8–0.5 mya and c. 50–30 kya, with an intermediate large population expansion c. 0.2–0.16 mya coinciding with Mid-Pleistocene Transitions. We substantiate with multi-dimensional evidence that Himalayan ibex is an evolutionary distinct phylogenetic species of Siberian ibex which need to be prioritized as Capra himalayensis for taxonomic revision and conservation planning at a regional and global scale.
ISSN:2079-7737
2079-7737
DOI:10.3390/biology12081097