Neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy was associated with better short‐term survival of patients with locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma compared to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy

• Published in: Cancer medicine (Malden, MA) MA), 2024-08, Vol.13 (15), p.e70113-n/a
• Main Authors: Duan, Xiaofeng, Zhao, Fangdong, Shang, Xiaobin, Yue, Jie, Chen, Chuangui, Ma, Zhao, Chen, Zuoyu, Zhang, Chen, Pang, Qingsong, Zhang, Wencheng, Abbas, Abbas E., Jiang, Hongjing
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Aged; Anastomotic leak; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols - adverse effects; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols - therapeutic use; Cancer therapies; Chemoradiotherapy; Chemoradiotherapy - methods; Chemotherapy; Clinical trials; Complications; Dissection; Drug dosages; Esophageal cancer; Esophageal carcinoma; Esophageal Neoplasms - mortality; Esophageal Neoplasms - pathology; Esophageal Neoplasms - therapy; esophageal squamous cell carcinoma; Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma - mortality; Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma - pathology; Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma - therapy; Esophagectomy; Female; Humans; Immunotherapy; Immunotherapy - methods; Lymph nodes; Lymphatic system; Male; Metastases; Metastasis; Middle Aged; Mortality; neoadjuvant therapy; Neoadjuvant Therapy - methods; Patients; Postoperative; Propensity Score; Radiation therapy; Retrospective Studies; Squamous cell carcinoma; Surgery; Treatment Outcome
• ISSN: 2045-7634; 2045-7634
• DOI: 10.1002/cam4.70113

Introduction The chemotherapy and immunotherapy combination is currently the primary strategy to treat metastatic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy (NCIT) is being intensively investigated for treating locally advanced ESCC. Objective We compared the efficacy and safety of NCIT and neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NCRT) to treat locally advanced ESCC. Methods We included 214 locally advanced ESCC patients who were administered neoadjuvant therapy from May 2014 to April 2022. The patients were grouped according to two neoadjuvant protocols (NCIT and NCRT) routinely used at our institution. Perioperative findings, pathological results, and survival data were compared between the two groups by conducting unmatched and 1:1 propensity score matching (PSM) analyses. Results Following 1:1 PSM analysis of the confounders, 66 patients were allocated to each of the two groups. Time span between neoadjuvant therapy completion and esophagectomy was significantly longer after NCRT than that after NCIT (47.1 ± 13.2 days vs. 34.7 ± 8.8 days; p