Clomazone Leaching Estimate in Soil Columns Using the Biological Method

• Published in: Advances in Weed Science 2017-01, Vol.35
• Main Authors: PEREIRA, G.A.M., BARCELLOS JR, L.H., GONÇALVES, V.A., SILVA, D.V., SILVA, A.A.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Agricultural practices; Agrochemicals; Behavior; Chemical control; Environmental impact; Experiments; Groundwater; Groundwater pollution; herbicide; Herbicides; Hydrogen ions; Leaching; Loam soils; mobility in soil; Organic matter; Organic soils; pH effects; PLANT SCIENCES; Rainfall; Risk factors; Seeds; Simulation; Soil columns; Soil contamination; Soils; Sorghum; Sorption; Studies; Sugarcane; Toxicity
• ISSN: 0100-8358; 1806-9681; 0100-8358; 2675-9462
• DOI: 10.1590/s0100-83582017350100024

ABSTRACT The chemical control of weed is a necessary practice in large-scale agriculture. However, when herbicides are used in the wrong way, they can remain into soil for long periods and/or be leached in its profile, and they may even contaminate groundwater. In this research, clomazone leaching in soil samples collected from different Brazilian regions was estimated by biological method. To do so, columns containing soils were used, and samples were collected every 5 cm. After preparing columns and applying a 1,500 g a.i. ha-1 clomazone dose, rain simulation was performed. Sorghum was used in order to detect the herbicide. More than 60% similarity was found for the studied variables; it was chosen to use only data referring to toxicity percentage. Clomazone did not cause reduction in sorghum cultivated in Organosol, thus indicating a strong herbicide sorption in this soil. Increased pH in Oxisol reduced leaching. More rainfall caused increased herbicide leaching in Oxisol (pH 5.1) and Quartzarenic Neosol. The highest leaching occurred in soils with lower pH and lower organic matter content. It is possible to conclude that, in soils with higher organic matter content, clomazone has lower risks of being leached. RESUMO O controle químico das plantas daninhas é prática consolidada na agricultura em larga escala. No entanto, quando os herbicidas são utilizados da forma incorreta, eles podem permanecer no solo por longos períodos e/ou serem lixiviados no seu perfil, podendo contaminar águas subterrâneas. Nesta pesquisa foi estimada, por método biológico, a lixiviação do clomazone em amostras de solos, coletados em diferentes regiões do Brasil. Para isso, foram usadas colunas contendo os solos, seccionadas de 5 em 5 cm. Após o preparo das colunas e aplicação do clomazone na dose de 1.500 g i.a. ha-1, foi feita a simulação das chuvas (60 e 90 mm). O sorgo foi utilizado para detecção do herbicida. Similaridade superior a 60% foi constatada nas variáveis em estudo, optando-se por utilizar apenas os dados referentes à porcentagem de intoxicação. O clomazone não causou intoxicação ao sorgo cultivado no Organossolo indicando forte sorção do herbicida nesse solo. O aumento do pH do Latossolo Vermelho-Amarelo reduziu a lixiviação. Maior precipitação causou aumento da lixiviação do herbicida no Latossolo Vermelho-Amarelo (pH 5,1) e no Neossolo Quartzarênico. A maior lixiviação ocorreu em solos com menor pH e menor teor de matéria orgânica. Conclui-se que, em solos com