A Cautionary Tale of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy-From "Benign" Left Ventricular Hypertrophy to Stroke, Atrial Fibrillation, and Molecular Genetic Diagnostics: A Case Report and Review of Literature

• Published in: International journal of molecular sciences 2024-08, Vol.25 (17), p.9385
• Main Authors: Gencheva, Dolina, Angelova, Petya, Genova, Kameliya, Atemin, Slavena, Sleptsova, Mila, Todorov, Tihomir, Nikolov, Fedya, Ruseva, Donka, Mitev, Vanyo, Todorova, Albena
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Anticoagulants; atrial fibrillation; Atrial Fibrillation - diagnosis; Atrial Fibrillation - genetics; Auscultation; Blood pressure; Cardiac arrhythmia; cardiac magnetic resonance; Cardiology; Cardiomyopathy; Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic - complications; Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic - diagnosis; Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic - genetics; Case reports; Cholesterol; coronary slow-flow phenomenon; Disease; Echocardiography; Edema; Genetic disorders; Genetic testing; Heart; Humans; Hypertension; hypertrophic cardiomyopathy; Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular - diagnosis; Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular - genetics; left ventricular hypertrophy; Male; Middle Aged; Mutation; NAV1.5 Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel - genetics; Patients; Proteins; Stroke; Stroke - diagnosis; Stroke - genetics; Thrombosis; Thyroid gland
• ISSN: 1422-0067; 1661-6596; 1422-0067
• DOI: 10.3390/ijms25179385

This case report concerns a 48-year-old man with a history of ischemic stroke at the age of 41 who reported cardiac hypertrophy, registered in his twenties when explained by increased physical activity. Family history was positive for a mother with permanent atrial fibrillation from her mid-thirties. At the age of 44, he had a first episode of persistent atrial fibrillation, accompanied by left atrial thrombosis while on a direct oral anticoagulant. He presented at our clinic at the age of 45 with another episode of persistent atrial fibrillation and decompensated heart failure. Echocardiography revealed a dilated left atrium, reduced left ventricular ejection fraction, and an asymmetric left ventricular hypertrophy. Cardiac magnetic resonance was positive for a cardiomyopathy with diffuse fibrosis, while slow-flow phenomenon was present on coronary angiography. Genetic testing by whole-exome sequencing revealed three variants in the patient, c.309C > A, p.His103Gln in the gene, c.116T > G, p.Leu39Ter in the gene, and c.5827C > T, p.His1943Tyr in the gene, the first two associated with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and the latter possibly with familial atrial fibrillation. This case illustrates the need for advanced diagnostics in unexplained left ventricular hypertrophy, as hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is often overlooked, leading to potentially debilitating health consequences.