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Ankle Brachial Index and Subsequent Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease
Background The clinical implications of ankle‐brachial index (ABI) cutpoints are not well defined in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) despite increased prevalence of high ABI attributed to arterial stiffness. We examined the relationship of ABI with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and all‐cau...
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| Published in: | Journal of the American Heart Association 2016-06, Vol.5 (6), p.n/a |
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| container_title | Journal of the American Heart Association |
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| creator | Chen, Jing Mohler, Emile R. Garimella, Pranav S. Hamm, L. Lee Xie, Dawei Kimmel, Stephen Townsend, Raymond R. Budoff, Matthew Pan, Qiang Nessel, Lisa Steigerwalt, Susan Wright, Jackson T. He, Jiang Appel, Lawrence J. Feldman, Harold I. Go, Alan S. He, Jiang Kusek, John W. Lash, James P. Ojo, Akinlolu Rahman, Mahboob Townsend, Raymond R. |
| description | Background
The clinical implications of ankle‐brachial index (ABI) cutpoints are not well defined in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) despite increased prevalence of high ABI attributed to arterial stiffness. We examined the relationship of ABI with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and all‐cause mortality among CKD patients.
Methods and Results
Three thousand six hundred twenty‐seven participants without clinical peripheral artery disease (PAD) at baseline from the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort Study were included. ABI was obtained per standard protocol and CVD events were confirmed by medical record adjudication. A U‐shaped association of ABI with PAD, myocardial infarction (MI), composite CVD, and all‐cause mortality was observed. Individuals with an ABI between 1.0 and |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1161/JAHA.116.003339 |
| format | article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_doaj_</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_doaj_primary_oai_doaj_org_article_fa09876caeff4bfdb3c9c311dc635961</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><doaj_id>oai_doaj_org_article_fa09876caeff4bfdb3c9c311dc635961</doaj_id><sourcerecordid>1793569125</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c5054-da910aac50ddb73e48a5f0fab2118e9bf43b5bcfc55a1665c095f91453c7d2823</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNqFkctv3CAQxlHVqonSnHurOPayCRhjzKXSdvvItpFa9aEe0ZjHLokXErDT7n9fXCdRcioXZuCb38B8CL2k5ITShp5-Wp4tp-iEEMaYfIIOK1KLhZQtefogPkDHOV-QsppKMC6fo4NKVLUoJYdoswyXvcVvE-ithx6vg7F_MASDv49dttejDQNeQTI-3kDWYw8Jv_PZQrb4m8-X2Af8FQZfZBn_8sMWr7YpBq_xZ2-C3d-JX6BnDvpsj2_3I_Tzw_sfq7PF-ZeP69XyfKE54fXCgKQEoCTGdILZugXuiIOuorS1snM163inneYcaNNwTSR3ktacaWGqtmJHaD1zTYQLdZX8DtJeRfDq30FMGwVp8Lq3ygGRrWg0WOfqzpmOaakZpUY3ZUoNLaw3M-tq7HbW6PLHBP0j6OOb4LdqE29ULZmoRFMAr28BKZZJ5kHtfNa27yHYOGZFhWS8kbTiRXo6S3WKOSfr7ttQoia31eT2FKnZ7VLx6uHr7vV33hYBnwW_fW_3_-NNOaOc1-wvwgO2XA</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Website</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>1793569125</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Ankle Brachial Index and Subsequent Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease</title><source>Open Access: Wiley-Blackwell Open Access Journals</source><source>PubMed Central</source><creator>Chen, Jing ; Mohler, Emile R. ; Garimella, Pranav S. ; Hamm, L. Lee ; Xie, Dawei ; Kimmel, Stephen ; Townsend, Raymond R. ; Budoff, Matthew ; Pan, Qiang ; Nessel, Lisa ; Steigerwalt, Susan ; Wright, Jackson T. ; He, Jiang ; Appel, Lawrence J. ; Feldman, Harold I. ; Go, Alan S. ; He, Jiang ; Kusek, John W. ; Lash, James P. ; Ojo, Akinlolu ; Rahman, Mahboob ; Townsend, Raymond R.</creator><creatorcontrib>Chen, Jing ; Mohler, Emile R. ; Garimella, Pranav S. ; Hamm, L. Lee ; Xie, Dawei ; Kimmel, Stephen ; Townsend, Raymond R. ; Budoff, Matthew ; Pan, Qiang ; Nessel, Lisa ; Steigerwalt, Susan ; Wright, Jackson T. ; He, Jiang ; Appel, Lawrence J. ; Feldman, Harold I. ; Go, Alan S. ; He, Jiang ; Kusek, John W. ; Lash, James P. ; Ojo, Akinlolu ; Rahman, Mahboob ; Townsend, Raymond R. ; CRIC Investigators ; the CRIC Investigators</creatorcontrib><description><![CDATA[Background
The clinical implications of ankle‐brachial index (ABI) cutpoints are not well defined in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) despite increased prevalence of high ABI attributed to arterial stiffness. We examined the relationship of ABI with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and all‐cause mortality among CKD patients.
Methods and Results
Three thousand six hundred twenty‐seven participants without clinical peripheral artery disease (PAD) at baseline from the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort Study were included. ABI was obtained per standard protocol and CVD events were confirmed by medical record adjudication. A U‐shaped association of ABI with PAD, myocardial infarction (MI), composite CVD, and all‐cause mortality was observed. Individuals with an ABI between 1.0 and <1.4 had the lowest risk of outcomes. Compared to participants with an ABI between 1.0 and <1.4, multiple‐adjusted hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) for those with an ABI of <0.9, 0.9 to <1.0, and ≥1.4 were 5.78 (3.57, 9.35), 2.76 (1.56, 4.88), and 4.85 (2.05, 11.50) for PAD; 1.67 (1.23, 2.29), 1.85 (1.33, 2.57), and 2.08 (1.10, 3.93) for MI; 1.51 (1.27, 1.79), 1.39 (1.15, 1.68), and 1.23 (0.82, 1.84) for composite CVD; and 1.55 (1.28, 1.89), 1.36 (1.10, 1.69), and 1.00 (0.62, 1.62) for all‐cause mortality, respectively.
Conclusions
This study indicates that ABI <1.0 was related to risk of PAD, MI, composite CVD, and all‐cause mortality whereas ABI ≥1.4 was related to clinical PAD. These findings suggest that ABI cutpoints of <1.0 or ≥1.4 for diagnosing PAD and ABI <1.0 for CVD risk stratification should be further evaluated among CKD patients.]]></description><identifier>ISSN: 2047-9980</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2047-9980</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1161/JAHA.116.003339</identifier><identifier>PMID: 27247339</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>England: John Wiley and Sons Inc</publisher><subject>Adult ; Aged ; Ankle Brachial Index ; Blood Pressure - physiology ; cardiovascular disease ; Cardiovascular Diseases - etiology ; Cardiovascular Diseases - mortality ; Cardiovascular Diseases - physiopathology ; chronic kidney disease ; Female ; Glomerular Filtration Rate - physiology ; heart failure ; Heart Failure - etiology ; Heart Failure - mortality ; Heart Failure - physiopathology ; Humans ; Kaplan-Meier Estimate ; Male ; Middle Aged ; mortality ; myocardial infarction ; Myocardial Infarction - etiology ; Myocardial Infarction - mortality ; Myocardial Infarction - physiopathology ; Original Research ; peripheral arterial disease ; Peripheral Arterial Disease - etiology ; Peripheral Arterial Disease - mortality ; Peripheral Arterial Disease - physiopathology ; Prospective Studies ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic - complications ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic - mortality ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic - physiopathology ; Risk Factors ; Young Adult</subject><ispartof>Journal of the American Heart Association, 2016-06, Vol.5 (6), p.n/a</ispartof><rights>2016 The Authors. Published on behalf of the American Heart Association, Inc., by Wiley Blackwell.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c5054-da910aac50ddb73e48a5f0fab2118e9bf43b5bcfc55a1665c095f91453c7d2823</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c5054-da910aac50ddb73e48a5f0fab2118e9bf43b5bcfc55a1665c095f91453c7d2823</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4937276/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4937276/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,885,11562,27924,27925,46052,46476,53791,53793</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27247339$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Chen, Jing</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mohler, Emile R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Garimella, Pranav S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hamm, L. Lee</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Xie, Dawei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kimmel, Stephen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Townsend, Raymond R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Budoff, Matthew</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pan, Qiang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nessel, Lisa</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Steigerwalt, Susan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wright, Jackson T.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>He, Jiang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Appel, Lawrence J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Feldman, Harold I.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Go, Alan S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>He, Jiang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kusek, John W.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lash, James P.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ojo, Akinlolu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rahman, Mahboob</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Townsend, Raymond R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>CRIC Investigators</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>the CRIC Investigators</creatorcontrib><title>Ankle Brachial Index and Subsequent Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease</title><title>Journal of the American Heart Association</title><addtitle>J Am Heart Assoc</addtitle><description><![CDATA[Background
The clinical implications of ankle‐brachial index (ABI) cutpoints are not well defined in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) despite increased prevalence of high ABI attributed to arterial stiffness. We examined the relationship of ABI with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and all‐cause mortality among CKD patients.
Methods and Results
Three thousand six hundred twenty‐seven participants without clinical peripheral artery disease (PAD) at baseline from the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort Study were included. ABI was obtained per standard protocol and CVD events were confirmed by medical record adjudication. A U‐shaped association of ABI with PAD, myocardial infarction (MI), composite CVD, and all‐cause mortality was observed. Individuals with an ABI between 1.0 and <1.4 had the lowest risk of outcomes. Compared to participants with an ABI between 1.0 and <1.4, multiple‐adjusted hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) for those with an ABI of <0.9, 0.9 to <1.0, and ≥1.4 were 5.78 (3.57, 9.35), 2.76 (1.56, 4.88), and 4.85 (2.05, 11.50) for PAD; 1.67 (1.23, 2.29), 1.85 (1.33, 2.57), and 2.08 (1.10, 3.93) for MI; 1.51 (1.27, 1.79), 1.39 (1.15, 1.68), and 1.23 (0.82, 1.84) for composite CVD; and 1.55 (1.28, 1.89), 1.36 (1.10, 1.69), and 1.00 (0.62, 1.62) for all‐cause mortality, respectively.
Conclusions
This study indicates that ABI <1.0 was related to risk of PAD, MI, composite CVD, and all‐cause mortality whereas ABI ≥1.4 was related to clinical PAD. These findings suggest that ABI cutpoints of <1.0 or ≥1.4 for diagnosing PAD and ABI <1.0 for CVD risk stratification should be further evaluated among CKD patients.]]></description><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Aged</subject><subject>Ankle Brachial Index</subject><subject>Blood Pressure - physiology</subject><subject>cardiovascular disease</subject><subject>Cardiovascular Diseases - etiology</subject><subject>Cardiovascular Diseases - mortality</subject><subject>Cardiovascular Diseases - physiopathology</subject><subject>chronic kidney disease</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Glomerular Filtration Rate - physiology</subject><subject>heart failure</subject><subject>Heart Failure - etiology</subject><subject>Heart Failure - mortality</subject><subject>Heart Failure - physiopathology</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Kaplan-Meier Estimate</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>mortality</subject><subject>myocardial infarction</subject><subject>Myocardial Infarction - etiology</subject><subject>Myocardial Infarction - mortality</subject><subject>Myocardial Infarction - physiopathology</subject><subject>Original Research</subject><subject>peripheral arterial disease</subject><subject>Peripheral Arterial Disease - etiology</subject><subject>Peripheral Arterial Disease - mortality</subject><subject>Peripheral Arterial Disease - physiopathology</subject><subject>Prospective Studies</subject><subject>Renal Insufficiency, Chronic - complications</subject><subject>Renal Insufficiency, Chronic - mortality</subject><subject>Renal Insufficiency, Chronic - physiopathology</subject><subject>Risk Factors</subject><subject>Young Adult</subject><issn>2047-9980</issn><issn>2047-9980</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2016</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>24P</sourceid><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkctv3CAQxlHVqonSnHurOPayCRhjzKXSdvvItpFa9aEe0ZjHLokXErDT7n9fXCdRcioXZuCb38B8CL2k5ITShp5-Wp4tp-iEEMaYfIIOK1KLhZQtefogPkDHOV-QsppKMC6fo4NKVLUoJYdoswyXvcVvE-ithx6vg7F_MASDv49dttejDQNeQTI-3kDWYw8Jv_PZQrb4m8-X2Af8FQZfZBn_8sMWr7YpBq_xZ2-C3d-JX6BnDvpsj2_3I_Tzw_sfq7PF-ZeP69XyfKE54fXCgKQEoCTGdILZugXuiIOuorS1snM163inneYcaNNwTSR3ktacaWGqtmJHaD1zTYQLdZX8DtJeRfDq30FMGwVp8Lq3ygGRrWg0WOfqzpmOaakZpUY3ZUoNLaw3M-tq7HbW6PLHBP0j6OOb4LdqE29ULZmoRFMAr28BKZZJ5kHtfNa27yHYOGZFhWS8kbTiRXo6S3WKOSfr7ttQoia31eT2FKnZ7VLx6uHr7vV33hYBnwW_fW_3_-NNOaOc1-wvwgO2XA</recordid><startdate>201606</startdate><enddate>201606</enddate><creator>Chen, Jing</creator><creator>Mohler, Emile R.</creator><creator>Garimella, Pranav S.</creator><creator>Hamm, L. Lee</creator><creator>Xie, Dawei</creator><creator>Kimmel, Stephen</creator><creator>Townsend, Raymond R.</creator><creator>Budoff, Matthew</creator><creator>Pan, Qiang</creator><creator>Nessel, Lisa</creator><creator>Steigerwalt, Susan</creator><creator>Wright, Jackson T.</creator><creator>He, Jiang</creator><creator>Appel, Lawrence J.</creator><creator>Feldman, Harold I.</creator><creator>Go, Alan S.</creator><creator>He, Jiang</creator><creator>Kusek, John W.</creator><creator>Lash, James P.</creator><creator>Ojo, Akinlolu</creator><creator>Rahman, Mahboob</creator><creator>Townsend, Raymond R.</creator><general>John Wiley and Sons Inc</general><general>Wiley</general><scope>24P</scope><scope>WIN</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><scope>DOA</scope></search><sort><creationdate>201606</creationdate><title>Ankle Brachial Index and Subsequent Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease</title><author>Chen, Jing ; Mohler, Emile R. ; Garimella, Pranav S. ; Hamm, L. Lee ; Xie, Dawei ; Kimmel, Stephen ; Townsend, Raymond R. ; Budoff, Matthew ; Pan, Qiang ; Nessel, Lisa ; Steigerwalt, Susan ; Wright, Jackson T. ; He, Jiang ; Appel, Lawrence J. ; Feldman, Harold I. ; Go, Alan S. ; He, Jiang ; Kusek, John W. ; Lash, James P. ; Ojo, Akinlolu ; Rahman, Mahboob ; Townsend, Raymond R.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c5054-da910aac50ddb73e48a5f0fab2118e9bf43b5bcfc55a1665c095f91453c7d2823</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2016</creationdate><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Aged</topic><topic>Ankle Brachial Index</topic><topic>Blood Pressure - physiology</topic><topic>cardiovascular disease</topic><topic>Cardiovascular Diseases - etiology</topic><topic>Cardiovascular Diseases - mortality</topic><topic>Cardiovascular Diseases - physiopathology</topic><topic>chronic kidney disease</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Glomerular Filtration Rate - physiology</topic><topic>heart failure</topic><topic>Heart Failure - etiology</topic><topic>Heart Failure - mortality</topic><topic>Heart Failure - physiopathology</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Kaplan-Meier Estimate</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>mortality</topic><topic>myocardial infarction</topic><topic>Myocardial Infarction - etiology</topic><topic>Myocardial Infarction - mortality</topic><topic>Myocardial Infarction - physiopathology</topic><topic>Original Research</topic><topic>peripheral arterial disease</topic><topic>Peripheral Arterial Disease - etiology</topic><topic>Peripheral Arterial Disease - mortality</topic><topic>Peripheral Arterial Disease - physiopathology</topic><topic>Prospective Studies</topic><topic>Renal Insufficiency, Chronic - complications</topic><topic>Renal Insufficiency, Chronic - mortality</topic><topic>Renal Insufficiency, Chronic - physiopathology</topic><topic>Risk Factors</topic><topic>Young Adult</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Chen, Jing</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mohler, Emile R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Garimella, Pranav S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hamm, L. Lee</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Xie, Dawei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kimmel, Stephen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Townsend, Raymond R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Budoff, Matthew</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pan, Qiang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nessel, Lisa</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Steigerwalt, Susan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wright, Jackson T.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>He, Jiang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Appel, Lawrence J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Feldman, Harold I.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Go, Alan S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>He, Jiang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kusek, John W.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lash, James P.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ojo, Akinlolu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rahman, Mahboob</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Townsend, Raymond R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>CRIC Investigators</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>the CRIC Investigators</creatorcontrib><collection>Open Access: Wiley-Blackwell Open Access Journals</collection><collection>Wiley Online Library Free Content</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>Journal of the American Heart Association</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Chen, Jing</au><au>Mohler, Emile R.</au><au>Garimella, Pranav S.</au><au>Hamm, L. Lee</au><au>Xie, Dawei</au><au>Kimmel, Stephen</au><au>Townsend, Raymond R.</au><au>Budoff, Matthew</au><au>Pan, Qiang</au><au>Nessel, Lisa</au><au>Steigerwalt, Susan</au><au>Wright, Jackson T.</au><au>He, Jiang</au><au>Appel, Lawrence J.</au><au>Feldman, Harold I.</au><au>Go, Alan S.</au><au>He, Jiang</au><au>Kusek, John W.</au><au>Lash, James P.</au><au>Ojo, Akinlolu</au><au>Rahman, Mahboob</au><au>Townsend, Raymond R.</au><aucorp>CRIC Investigators</aucorp><aucorp>the CRIC Investigators</aucorp><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Ankle Brachial Index and Subsequent Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease</atitle><jtitle>Journal of the American Heart Association</jtitle><addtitle>J Am Heart Assoc</addtitle><date>2016-06</date><risdate>2016</risdate><volume>5</volume><issue>6</issue><epage>n/a</epage><issn>2047-9980</issn><eissn>2047-9980</eissn><abstract><![CDATA[Background
The clinical implications of ankle‐brachial index (ABI) cutpoints are not well defined in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) despite increased prevalence of high ABI attributed to arterial stiffness. We examined the relationship of ABI with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and all‐cause mortality among CKD patients.
Methods and Results
Three thousand six hundred twenty‐seven participants without clinical peripheral artery disease (PAD) at baseline from the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort Study were included. ABI was obtained per standard protocol and CVD events were confirmed by medical record adjudication. A U‐shaped association of ABI with PAD, myocardial infarction (MI), composite CVD, and all‐cause mortality was observed. Individuals with an ABI between 1.0 and <1.4 had the lowest risk of outcomes. Compared to participants with an ABI between 1.0 and <1.4, multiple‐adjusted hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) for those with an ABI of <0.9, 0.9 to <1.0, and ≥1.4 were 5.78 (3.57, 9.35), 2.76 (1.56, 4.88), and 4.85 (2.05, 11.50) for PAD; 1.67 (1.23, 2.29), 1.85 (1.33, 2.57), and 2.08 (1.10, 3.93) for MI; 1.51 (1.27, 1.79), 1.39 (1.15, 1.68), and 1.23 (0.82, 1.84) for composite CVD; and 1.55 (1.28, 1.89), 1.36 (1.10, 1.69), and 1.00 (0.62, 1.62) for all‐cause mortality, respectively.
Conclusions
This study indicates that ABI <1.0 was related to risk of PAD, MI, composite CVD, and all‐cause mortality whereas ABI ≥1.4 was related to clinical PAD. These findings suggest that ABI cutpoints of <1.0 or ≥1.4 for diagnosing PAD and ABI <1.0 for CVD risk stratification should be further evaluated among CKD patients.]]></abstract><cop>England</cop><pub>John Wiley and Sons Inc</pub><pmid>27247339</pmid><doi>10.1161/JAHA.116.003339</doi><tpages>9</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Adult Aged Ankle Brachial Index Blood Pressure - physiology cardiovascular disease Cardiovascular Diseases - etiology Cardiovascular Diseases - mortality Cardiovascular Diseases - physiopathology chronic kidney disease Female Glomerular Filtration Rate - physiology heart failure Heart Failure - etiology Heart Failure - mortality Heart Failure - physiopathology Humans Kaplan-Meier Estimate Male Middle Aged mortality myocardial infarction Myocardial Infarction - etiology Myocardial Infarction - mortality Myocardial Infarction - physiopathology Original Research peripheral arterial disease Peripheral Arterial Disease - etiology Peripheral Arterial Disease - mortality Peripheral Arterial Disease - physiopathology Prospective Studies Renal Insufficiency, Chronic - complications Renal Insufficiency, Chronic - mortality Renal Insufficiency, Chronic - physiopathology Risk Factors Young Adult |
| title | Ankle Brachial Index and Subsequent Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease |
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