Studying additive effects of combining rTMS with cognitive control training: a pilot investigation

Background: Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) is an effective treatment for depression, that has been proposed to work via enhancement of cognitive control. Cognitive control training (CCT) can also alleviate depression by relying on DL...

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Published in:Frontiers in human neuroscience 2023-07, Vol.17, p.1201344-1201344
Main Authors: Dalhuisen, Iris, Schutte, Céline, Bramson, Bob, Roelofs, Karin, Eijndhoven, Philip van, Tendolkar, Indira
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Language:English
Subjects:
Cognitive ability
cognitive control training
depression
Emotional regulation
Human Neuroscience
Magnetic fields
Magnetic resonance imaging
Mental depression
Mood
mood induction
Neural networks
neuronavigation
Prefrontal cortex
repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation
Transcranial magnetic stimulation
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container_title Frontiers in human neuroscience
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Schutte, Céline
Bramson, Bob
Roelofs, Karin
Eijndhoven, Philip van
Tendolkar, Indira
description Background: Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) is an effective treatment for depression, that has been proposed to work via enhancement of cognitive control. Cognitive control training (CCT) can also alleviate depression by relying on DLPFC activation. As the additive effects of rTMS and CCT are unclear we set out to conduct a within-subject pilot study in healthy controls. Methods: Seventeen participants received two sessions of individualized resting-state connectivity-guided high-frequency rTMS, whilst randomly performing CCT or a control task. After each session, a negative mood was induced. Results: We found effects on mood and cognitive control after rTMS + CCT as well as rTMS + control, which were indiscriminative between conditions. Given the moderate evidence for the absence of an effect these results provide sufficient ground to not perform a full study. Conclusions: Our results demonstrate no differential effects of single sessions combining rTMS and CCT in a healthy population, even with the methodological improvement of individualized neuronavigation. The improvement in cognitive control seen in both conditions could indicate that a simple cognitive task is sufficient when studying additive rTMS effects. Future studies should focus on augmenting effects of various cognitive tasks, and compare the present interventions with rTMS or cognitive task alone.
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Cognitive control training (CCT) can also alleviate depression by relying on DLPFC activation. As the additive effects of rTMS and CCT are unclear we set out to conduct a within-subject pilot study in healthy controls. Methods: Seventeen participants received two sessions of individualized resting-state connectivity-guided high-frequency rTMS, whilst randomly performing CCT or a control task. After each session, a negative mood was induced. Results: We found effects on mood and cognitive control after rTMS + CCT as well as rTMS + control, which were indiscriminative between conditions. Given the moderate evidence for the absence of an effect these results provide sufficient ground to not perform a full study. Conclusions: Our results demonstrate no differential effects of single sessions combining rTMS and CCT in a healthy population, even with the methodological improvement of individualized neuronavigation. The improvement in cognitive control seen in both conditions could indicate that a simple cognitive task is sufficient when studying additive rTMS effects. Future studies should focus on augmenting effects of various cognitive tasks, and compare the present interventions with rTMS or cognitive task alone.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1662-5161</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1662-5161</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2023.1201344</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Lausanne: Frontiers Research Foundation</publisher><subject>Cognitive ability ; cognitive control training ; depression ; Emotional regulation ; Human Neuroscience ; Magnetic fields ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Mental depression ; Mood ; mood induction ; Neural networks ; neuronavigation ; Prefrontal cortex ; repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation ; Transcranial magnetic stimulation</subject><ispartof>Frontiers in human neuroscience, 2023-07, Vol.17, p.1201344-1201344</ispartof><rights>2023. 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subjects Cognitive ability
cognitive control training
depression
Emotional regulation
Human Neuroscience
Magnetic fields
Magnetic resonance imaging
Mental depression
Mood
mood induction
Neural networks
neuronavigation
Prefrontal cortex
repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation
Transcranial magnetic stimulation
title Studying additive effects of combining rTMS with cognitive control training: a pilot investigation
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