Nondestructive In Situ Identification of Crystal Orientation of Anisotropic ZnO Nanostructures

We present a novel method for direct, fast, nonambiguous, and nondestructive identification of the growth direction and orientation of individual ZnO nanostructures in the device-ready environment by exploiting high-resolution confocal Raman mapping. Various features of the Raman spectrum of ZnO nan...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Singamaneni, Srikanth, Gupta, Maneesh, Yang, Rusen, Tomczak, Melanie M, Naik, Rajesh R, Wang, Zhong L, Tsukruk, Vladimir V
Format: Report
Language:English
Subjects:
ANISOTROPY
BIOENABLED GROWTH
CRYSTAL PLANES
CRYSTAL STRUCTURE
Crystallography
Inorganic Chemistry
NANOSTRUCTURES
NONDESTRUCTIVE TESTING
ONE DIMENSIONAL
Optics
ORIENTATION(DIRECTION)
POLARIZED RAMAN
RAMAN SPECTRA
REPRINTS
WAVEGUIDES
ZINC OXIDES
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Summary:We present a novel method for direct, fast, nonambiguous, and nondestructive identification of the growth direction and orientation of individual ZnO nanostructures in the device-ready environment by exploiting high-resolution confocal Raman mapping. Various features of the Raman spectrum of ZnO nanostructures, vapor deposition grown nanobelts and peptide-assisted vertical nanorods, were found to be sensitive to the relative orientation of the crystal plane. Furthermore, we discovered that the waveguiding property of the ZnO nanobelt is also orientation dependent and results in either apparent enhancement or suppression of Raman scattering from the underlying substrate. We demonstrate that various features of Raman spectrum of ZnO and the modulation of the substrate signal can be employed for the rapid and nondestructive identification of the crystal growth direction and orientation of these nanostructures even after integration into devices, which is impossible with current electron microscopy and diffraction techniques. We believe that the general features observed here are equally applicable to other wurtzite nanostructures (ZnS, GaN) which are critical in optoelectronics, lasing, and piezotronic applications. Prepared in collaboration with School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA. Published in ACS Nano, v3 n9 p2593-2600, published online 5 Aug 2009. The original document contains color images.