Field Assessment of Yeast- and Oxalic Acid-generated Carbon Dioxide for Mosquito Surveillance

Carbon dioxide (CO2) sources improve the efficacy of mosquito traps. However, traditional CO2 sources (dry ice or compressed gas) may be difficult to acquire for vector surveillance during military contingency operations. For this reason, a new and convenient source of CO2 is required. Two novel CO2...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Harwood, James F, Richardson, Alec G, Wright, Jennifer A, Obenauer, Peter J
Format: Report
Language:English
Subjects:
BG-SENTINEL
Biology
CARBON DIOXIDE
CENTERS FOR DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION LIGHT TRAPS
CULICIDAE
DISEASE VECTORS
ELECTROLYZED OXALIC ACID
FLOW RATE
Inorganic Chemistry
OXALIC ACID
SUGAR-FERMENTING YEAST
SURVEILLANCE
TRAPS
VECTOR SURVEILLANCE
YEASTS
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Summary:Carbon dioxide (CO2) sources improve the efficacy of mosquito traps. However, traditional CO2 sources (dry ice or compressed gas) may be difficult to acquire for vector surveillance during military contingency operations. For this reason, a new and convenient source of CO2 is required. Two novel CO2 generators were evaluated in order to address this capability gap: 1) an electrolyzer that converts solid oxalic acid into CO2 gas, and 2) CO2 produced by yeast as it metabolizes sugar. The flow rate and CO2 concentration produced by each generator were measured, and each generator s ability to attract mosquitoes to BG-SentinelTM traps during day surveillance and to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention light traps with incandescent bulbs during night surveillance was compared to dry ice and compressed gas in Jacksonville, FL. The electrolyzed oxalic acid only slightly increased the number of mosquitoes captured compared to unbaited traps. Based on the modest increase in mosquito collection for traps paired with the oxalic acid, it is not a suitable stand-in for either of the 2 traditional CO2 sources. Conversely, the yeast-generated CO2 resulted in collections with mosquito abundance and species richness more closely resembling those of the traditional CO2 sources, despite achieving a lower CO2 flow rate. Therefore, if dry ice or compressed gas cannot be acquired for vector surveillance, yeast-generated CO2 can significantly improve trap capability. Published in the Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association, v30 n4 p275-283, 2014. Sponsored in part by the Deployed War Fighter Protection Research Program.