Inter-species Extrapolation of Skin Heating Resulting from Millimeter Wave Irradiation: Modeling and Experimental Results

This study reports measurements of the skin surface temperature elevations during localized irradiation (94 GHz) of three species: rat (irradiated on lower abdomen), rhesus monkey (posterior forelimb), and human (posterior forearm). Two exposure conditions were examined: prolonged, low power density...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Nelson, D A, Walters, T J, Ryan, K L, Emerton, K B, Hurt, W D, Ziriax, J M, Johnson, L R, Mason, P A
Format: Report
Language:English
Subjects:
ABDOMEN
ABSORPTION
ARMS(ANATOMY)
BLOOD CIRCULATION
CLINICAL MEDICINE
DAMAGE CONTROL
DOSAGE
DOSE ASSESSMENT
EVAPORATION
EXPOSURE(PHYSIOLOGY)
HEAT STRESS(PHYSIOLOGY)
HEAT TRANSFER
HPM(HIGH POWER DENSITY MICROWAVES)
IRRADIATION
LOCALIZED IRRADIATION
LPM(LOW POWER DENSITY MICROWAVES)
MATHEMATICAL MODELS
Medicine and Medical Research
MILLIMETER WAVES
MODELING
MONKEYS
NON-IONIZING
PERSPIRATION
PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS
RADIATION DAMAGE
RATS
RESPONSE(BIOLOGY)
SKIN DOSE
SKIN(ANATOMY)
Stress Physiology
TEMPERATURE CONTROL
THERMOREGULATORY RESPONSE
TISSUES(BIOLOGY)
VARIABLES
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Summary:This study reports measurements of the skin surface temperature elevations during localized irradiation (94 GHz) of three species: rat (irradiated on lower abdomen), rhesus monkey (posterior forelimb), and human (posterior forearm). Two exposure conditions were examined: prolonged, low power density microwaves (LPM) and short-term, high power density microwaves (HPM). Temperature histories were compared with calculations from a bio-heat transfer model. The mean peak surface temperature increase was approximately 7.0 degrees C for the short-term HPM exposures for all three species/locations, and 8.5 degrees C (monkey, human) to 10.5 degrees C (rat) for the longer-duration LPM exposures. The HPM temperature histories are in close agreement with a one-dimensional conduction heat transfer model with negligible blood flow. The LPM temperature histories were compared with calculations from the bio-heat model, evaluated for various (constant) blood flow rates. Results suggest a variable blood flow model, reflecting a dynamic thermoregulatory response, may be more suited to describing skin surface temperature response under long duration MMW irradiation. Published in Health Physics, v84 n5 p608-615, May 2003.