87. Understanding the Potential Therapeutic and Rehabilitative Role of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Multiple Sclerosis

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, inflammatory, and autoimmune neurodegenerative disease of the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves, which is characterized by lesions, demyelination, altered nerve impulse, and cognitive dysfunction. Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) can detect neurophysio...

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Published in:Multiple sclerosis and related disorders 2024-12, Vol.92
Main Authors: Bashir, Shahid, Uzair, Mohammad, Ali, Eman Nassim, Al-Harbi, Talal M., Abualait, Turki, Al-Hussain, Fawaz
Format: Article
Language:English
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Summary:Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, inflammatory, and autoimmune neurodegenerative disease of the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves, which is characterized by lesions, demyelination, altered nerve impulse, and cognitive dysfunction. Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) can detect neurophysiological abnormalities in MS patients and could be used as a surrogate marker of disease activity that is significantly correlated with the severity of clinical manifestation. Neurophysiological parameters, such as sensitivity to demyelination and the strength of excitatory and inhibitory synaptic interactions in the cerebral cortex, are considerably impaired in MS patients. TMS-based neurophysiological parameters can be correlated with the progression of MS and provide reliable indices for the severity of illness. Studies on human subjects and animal models of MS (Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis-EAE) evident the promising therapeutic and rehabilitative effects of TMS on MS. TMS significantly improves cognition, reduces fatigue, improves spasticity, gait, bodily balance, and muscle involvement in MS patients. TMS also exert beneficial effects on neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, neuronal repair, and remyelination. The biochemical, molecular, and cellular processes are considerably regulated following TMS, hence effectively rehabilitating MS disease progression. The main goal of this review is to understand the potential therapeutic and rehabilitative role of transcranial magnetic stimulation in multiple sclerosis. However, more studies are required to explore the site- and stimulation-dependent effects of TMS on MS/EAE.
ISSN:2211-0348
DOI:10.1016/j.msard.2024.106048