Two-phase flow regime identification using multi-method feature extraction and explainable kernel Fisher discriminant analysis

• Published in: International journal of numerical methods for heat & fluid flow 2024-09, Vol.34 (8), p.2836-2864
• Main Authors: Khan, Umair, Pao, William, Pilario, Karl Ezra Salgado, Sallih, Nabihah, Khan, Muhammad Rehan
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Algorithms; Artificial intelligence; Classification; Decomposition; Discrete Wavelet Transform; Discriminant analysis; Dynamic pressure; Feature extraction; Flow mapping; Fourier transforms; Identification; Identification methods; Machine learning; Mathematical functions; Methods; Multiphase flow; Nuclear power plants; Power spectral density; Pressure sensors; Time series; Two phase flow; Wavelet transforms; Workflow
• ISSN: 0961-5539; 0961-5539; 1758-6585
• DOI: 10.1108/HFF-09-2023-0526

Purpose Identifying the flow regime is a prerequisite for accurately modeling two-phase flow. This paper aims to introduce a comprehensive data-driven workflow for flow regime identification. Design/methodology/approach A numerical two-phase flow model was validated against experimental data and was used to generate dynamic pressure signals for three different flow regimes. First, four distinct methods were used for feature extraction: discrete wavelet transform (DWT), empirical mode decomposition, power spectral density and the time series analysis method. Kernel Fisher discriminant analysis (KFDA) was used to simultaneously perform dimensionality reduction and machine learning (ML) classification for each set of features. Finally, the Shapley additive explanations (SHAP) method was applied to make the workflow explainable. Findings The results highlighted that the DWT + KFDA method exhibited the highest testing and training accuracy at 95.2% and 88.8%, respectively. Results also include a virtual flow regime map to facilitate the visualization of features in two dimension. Finally, SHAP analysis showed that minimum and maximum values extracted at the fourth and second signal decomposition levels of DWT are the best flow-distinguishing features. Practical implications This workflow can be applied to opaque pipes fitted with pressure sensors to achieve flow assurance and automatic monitoring of two-phase flow occurring in many process industries. Originality/value This paper presents a novel flow regime identification method by fusing dynamic pressure measurements with ML techniques. The authors’ novel DWT + KFDA method demonstrates superior performance for flow regime identification with explainability.