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Antibiotic Resistances of Starter and Probiotic Strains of Lactic Acid Bacteria
The antibiotic resistances of 45 lactic acid bacteria strains belonging to the genera Lactobacillus, Streptococcus, Lactococcus, Pediococcus, and Leuconostoc were investigated. The objective was to determine antibiotic resistances and to verify these at the genetic level, as is currently suggested b...
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| Published in: | Applied and Environmental Microbiology 2007-02, Vol.73 (3), p.730-739 |
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| container_title | Applied and Environmental Microbiology |
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| creator | Hummel, Anja S Hertel, Christian Holzapfel, Wilhelm H Franz, Charles M.A.P |
| description | The antibiotic resistances of 45 lactic acid bacteria strains belonging to the genera Lactobacillus, Streptococcus, Lactococcus, Pediococcus, and Leuconostoc were investigated. The objective was to determine antibiotic resistances and to verify these at the genetic level, as is currently suggested by the European "qualified presumption of safety" safety evaluation system for industrial starter strains. In addition, we sought to pinpoint possible problems in resistance determinations. Primers were used to PCR amplify genes involved in β-lactam antibiotic, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, and erythromycin resistance. The presence of ribosomal protection protein genes and the ermB gene was also determined by using a gene probe. Generally, the incidences of erythromycin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, or β-lactam resistances in this study were low ( |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1128/aem.02105-06 |
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The objective was to determine antibiotic resistances and to verify these at the genetic level, as is currently suggested by the European "qualified presumption of safety" safety evaluation system for industrial starter strains. In addition, we sought to pinpoint possible problems in resistance determinations. Primers were used to PCR amplify genes involved in β-lactam antibiotic, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, and erythromycin resistance. The presence of ribosomal protection protein genes and the ermB gene was also determined by using a gene probe. Generally, the incidences of erythromycin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, or β-lactam resistances in this study were low (<7%). In contrast, aminoglycoside (gentamicin and streptomycin) and ciprofloxacin resistances were higher than 70%, indicating that these may constitute intrinsic resistances. The genetic basis for ciprofloxacin resistance could not be verified, since no mutations typical of quinolone resistances were detected in the quinolone determining regions of the parC and gyrA genes. Some starter strains showed low-level ampicillin, penicillin, chloramphenicol, and tetracycline resistances, but no known resistance genes could be detected. Although some strains possessed the cat gene, none of these were phenotypically resistant to chloramphenicol. Using reverse transcription-PCR, these cat genes were shown to be silent under both inducing and noninducing conditions. Only Lactobacillus salivarius BFE 7441 possessed an ermB gene, which was encoded on the chromosome and which could not be transferred in filter-mating experiments. This study clearly demonstrates problems encountered with resistance testing, in that the breakpoint values are often inadequately identified, resistance genes may be present but silent, and the genetic basis and associated resistance mechanisms toward some antibiotics are still unknown.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0099-2240</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1098-5336</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1128/aem.02105-06</identifier><identifier>PMID: 17122388</identifier><identifier>CODEN: AEMIDF</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Washington, DC: American Society for Microbiology</publisher><subject>Acids ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Anti-Bacterial Agents - pharmacology ; Bacterial Proteins - genetics ; Biological and medical sciences ; Cheese - microbiology ; DNA Gyrase - chemistry ; DNA Gyrase - genetics ; DNA Topoisomerase IV - chemistry ; DNA Topoisomerase IV - genetics ; Drug resistance ; Drug Resistance, Bacterial - genetics ; Food Microbiology ; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology ; Lactobacillus ; Lactobacillus - drug effects ; Lactobacillus - genetics ; Lactobacillus salivarius ; Lactococcus ; Leuconostoc ; Meat Products - microbiology ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests - methods ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests - standards ; Microbiology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Pediococcus ; Penicillin ; Probiotics ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Streptococcaceae - classification ; Streptococcaceae - drug effects ; Streptococcaceae - genetics ; Streptococcus ; Studies ; Yogurt - microbiology</subject><ispartof>Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 2007-02, Vol.73 (3), p.730-739</ispartof><rights>2007 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Copyright American Society for Microbiology Feb 2007</rights><rights>Copyright © 2007, American Society for Microbiology 2007</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c628t-f19eca2ab46efca5aa28d8f97e5a06cf2bbca76efe144dde12a4e0f60e4b52c63</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c628t-f19eca2ab46efca5aa28d8f97e5a06cf2bbca76efe144dde12a4e0f60e4b52c63</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1800751/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1800751/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,881,3175,3176,27901,27902,53766,53768</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=18487205$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17122388$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Hummel, Anja S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hertel, Christian</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Holzapfel, Wilhelm H</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Franz, Charles M.A.P</creatorcontrib><title>Antibiotic Resistances of Starter and Probiotic Strains of Lactic Acid Bacteria</title><title>Applied and Environmental Microbiology</title><addtitle>Appl Environ Microbiol</addtitle><description>The antibiotic resistances of 45 lactic acid bacteria strains belonging to the genera Lactobacillus, Streptococcus, Lactococcus, Pediococcus, and Leuconostoc were investigated. The objective was to determine antibiotic resistances and to verify these at the genetic level, as is currently suggested by the European "qualified presumption of safety" safety evaluation system for industrial starter strains. In addition, we sought to pinpoint possible problems in resistance determinations. Primers were used to PCR amplify genes involved in β-lactam antibiotic, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, and erythromycin resistance. The presence of ribosomal protection protein genes and the ermB gene was also determined by using a gene probe. Generally, the incidences of erythromycin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, or β-lactam resistances in this study were low (<7%). In contrast, aminoglycoside (gentamicin and streptomycin) and ciprofloxacin resistances were higher than 70%, indicating that these may constitute intrinsic resistances. The genetic basis for ciprofloxacin resistance could not be verified, since no mutations typical of quinolone resistances were detected in the quinolone determining regions of the parC and gyrA genes. Some starter strains showed low-level ampicillin, penicillin, chloramphenicol, and tetracycline resistances, but no known resistance genes could be detected. Although some strains possessed the cat gene, none of these were phenotypically resistant to chloramphenicol. Using reverse transcription-PCR, these cat genes were shown to be silent under both inducing and noninducing conditions. Only Lactobacillus salivarius BFE 7441 possessed an ermB gene, which was encoded on the chromosome and which could not be transferred in filter-mating experiments. This study clearly demonstrates problems encountered with resistance testing, in that the breakpoint values are often inadequately identified, resistance genes may be present but silent, and the genetic basis and associated resistance mechanisms toward some antibiotics are still unknown.</description><subject>Acids</subject><subject>Amino Acid Sequence</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Anti-Bacterial Agents - pharmacology</subject><subject>Bacterial Proteins - genetics</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Cheese - microbiology</subject><subject>DNA Gyrase - chemistry</subject><subject>DNA Gyrase - genetics</subject><subject>DNA Topoisomerase IV - chemistry</subject><subject>DNA Topoisomerase IV - genetics</subject><subject>Drug resistance</subject><subject>Drug Resistance, Bacterial - genetics</subject><subject>Food Microbiology</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</subject><subject>Lactobacillus</subject><subject>Lactobacillus - drug effects</subject><subject>Lactobacillus - genetics</subject><subject>Lactobacillus salivarius</subject><subject>Lactococcus</subject><subject>Leuconostoc</subject><subject>Meat Products - microbiology</subject><subject>Microbial Sensitivity Tests - methods</subject><subject>Microbial Sensitivity Tests - standards</subject><subject>Microbiology</subject><subject>Molecular Sequence Data</subject><subject>Pediococcus</subject><subject>Penicillin</subject><subject>Probiotics</subject><subject>Sequence Analysis, DNA</subject><subject>Streptococcaceae - classification</subject><subject>Streptococcaceae - drug effects</subject><subject>Streptococcaceae - genetics</subject><subject>Streptococcus</subject><subject>Studies</subject><subject>Yogurt - microbiology</subject><issn>0099-2240</issn><issn>1098-5336</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2007</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNpdks1v1DAQxS0EosvCjTNESOVEytjOh3NB2lblQ1pUxNKzNXHGu66SuNhZEP893m5EgYtteX568zzPjD3ncMa5UG-RhjMQHMocqgdswaFReSll9ZAtAJomF6KAE_YkxhsAKKBSj9kJr7kQUqkFu1qNk2udn5zJvlJ0ccLRUMy8zTYTholChmOXfQl-hjZTQDfeAWs0h5uVcV12ns4UHD5ljyz2kZ7N-5Jdv7_8dvExX199-HSxWuemEmrKLW_IoMC2qMgaLBGF6pRtaioRKmNF2xqsU414UXQdcYEFga2AirYUppJL9u6oe7tvB-oMjclXr2-DGzD80h6d_rcyup3e-h-aK4C65Eng9SwQ_Pc9xUkPLhrqexzJ76PmTRpiISGBr_4Db_w-jOlxWkDZKN4kbMneHCETfIyB7B8nHPQhJr26_KzvYtJwcP_ib_f38JxLAk5nAKPB3oaUiov3nCpUnbonLjtyO7fd_XSBNMZBpy-ha6llWg7-Xx4Ri17jNiSZ640ALtMcClnVjfwN3aiwAw</recordid><startdate>20070201</startdate><enddate>20070201</enddate><creator>Hummel, Anja S</creator><creator>Hertel, Christian</creator><creator>Holzapfel, Wilhelm H</creator><creator>Franz, Charles M.A.P</creator><general>American Society for Microbiology</general><scope>FBQ</scope><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7SS</scope><scope>7ST</scope><scope>7T7</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>SOI</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20070201</creationdate><title>Antibiotic Resistances of Starter and Probiotic Strains of Lactic Acid Bacteria</title><author>Hummel, Anja S ; Hertel, Christian ; Holzapfel, Wilhelm H ; Franz, Charles M.A.P</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c628t-f19eca2ab46efca5aa28d8f97e5a06cf2bbca76efe144dde12a4e0f60e4b52c63</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2007</creationdate><topic>Acids</topic><topic>Amino Acid Sequence</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Anti-Bacterial Agents - pharmacology</topic><topic>Bacterial Proteins - genetics</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Cheese - microbiology</topic><topic>DNA Gyrase - chemistry</topic><topic>DNA Gyrase - genetics</topic><topic>DNA Topoisomerase IV - chemistry</topic><topic>DNA Topoisomerase IV - genetics</topic><topic>Drug resistance</topic><topic>Drug Resistance, Bacterial - genetics</topic><topic>Food Microbiology</topic><topic>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</topic><topic>Lactobacillus</topic><topic>Lactobacillus - drug effects</topic><topic>Lactobacillus - genetics</topic><topic>Lactobacillus salivarius</topic><topic>Lactococcus</topic><topic>Leuconostoc</topic><topic>Meat Products - microbiology</topic><topic>Microbial Sensitivity Tests - methods</topic><topic>Microbial Sensitivity Tests - standards</topic><topic>Microbiology</topic><topic>Molecular Sequence Data</topic><topic>Pediococcus</topic><topic>Penicillin</topic><topic>Probiotics</topic><topic>Sequence Analysis, DNA</topic><topic>Streptococcaceae - classification</topic><topic>Streptococcaceae - drug effects</topic><topic>Streptococcaceae - genetics</topic><topic>Streptococcus</topic><topic>Studies</topic><topic>Yogurt - microbiology</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Hummel, Anja S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hertel, Christian</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Holzapfel, Wilhelm H</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Franz, Charles M.A.P</creatorcontrib><collection>AGRIS</collection><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)</collection><collection>Biotechnology Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Ecology Abstracts</collection><collection>Entomology Abstracts (Full archive)</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>Industrial and Applied Microbiology Abstracts (Microbiology A)</collection><collection>Nucleic Acids Abstracts</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Genetics Abstracts</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Applied and Environmental Microbiology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Hummel, Anja S</au><au>Hertel, Christian</au><au>Holzapfel, Wilhelm H</au><au>Franz, Charles M.A.P</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Antibiotic Resistances of Starter and Probiotic Strains of Lactic Acid Bacteria</atitle><jtitle>Applied and Environmental Microbiology</jtitle><addtitle>Appl Environ Microbiol</addtitle><date>2007-02-01</date><risdate>2007</risdate><volume>73</volume><issue>3</issue><spage>730</spage><epage>739</epage><pages>730-739</pages><issn>0099-2240</issn><eissn>1098-5336</eissn><coden>AEMIDF</coden><abstract>The antibiotic resistances of 45 lactic acid bacteria strains belonging to the genera Lactobacillus, Streptococcus, Lactococcus, Pediococcus, and Leuconostoc were investigated. The objective was to determine antibiotic resistances and to verify these at the genetic level, as is currently suggested by the European "qualified presumption of safety" safety evaluation system for industrial starter strains. In addition, we sought to pinpoint possible problems in resistance determinations. Primers were used to PCR amplify genes involved in β-lactam antibiotic, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, and erythromycin resistance. The presence of ribosomal protection protein genes and the ermB gene was also determined by using a gene probe. Generally, the incidences of erythromycin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, or β-lactam resistances in this study were low (<7%). In contrast, aminoglycoside (gentamicin and streptomycin) and ciprofloxacin resistances were higher than 70%, indicating that these may constitute intrinsic resistances. The genetic basis for ciprofloxacin resistance could not be verified, since no mutations typical of quinolone resistances were detected in the quinolone determining regions of the parC and gyrA genes. Some starter strains showed low-level ampicillin, penicillin, chloramphenicol, and tetracycline resistances, but no known resistance genes could be detected. Although some strains possessed the cat gene, none of these were phenotypically resistant to chloramphenicol. Using reverse transcription-PCR, these cat genes were shown to be silent under both inducing and noninducing conditions. Only Lactobacillus salivarius BFE 7441 possessed an ermB gene, which was encoded on the chromosome and which could not be transferred in filter-mating experiments. This study clearly demonstrates problems encountered with resistance testing, in that the breakpoint values are often inadequately identified, resistance genes may be present but silent, and the genetic basis and associated resistance mechanisms toward some antibiotics are still unknown.</abstract><cop>Washington, DC</cop><pub>American Society for Microbiology</pub><pmid>17122388</pmid><doi>10.1128/aem.02105-06</doi><tpages>10</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 2007-02, Vol.73 (3), p.730-739 |
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| source | American Society for Microbiology Journals; PubMed Central |
| subjects | Acids Amino Acid Sequence Animals Anti-Bacterial Agents - pharmacology Bacterial Proteins - genetics Biological and medical sciences Cheese - microbiology DNA Gyrase - chemistry DNA Gyrase - genetics DNA Topoisomerase IV - chemistry DNA Topoisomerase IV - genetics Drug resistance Drug Resistance, Bacterial - genetics Food Microbiology Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Lactobacillus Lactobacillus - drug effects Lactobacillus - genetics Lactobacillus salivarius Lactococcus Leuconostoc Meat Products - microbiology Microbial Sensitivity Tests - methods Microbial Sensitivity Tests - standards Microbiology Molecular Sequence Data Pediococcus Penicillin Probiotics Sequence Analysis, DNA Streptococcaceae - classification Streptococcaceae - drug effects Streptococcaceae - genetics Streptococcus Studies Yogurt - microbiology |
| title | Antibiotic Resistances of Starter and Probiotic Strains of Lactic Acid Bacteria |
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