Alternative food-security indicators: revisting the frequency and severity of 'coping strategies'

• Published in: Food policy 1999, Vol.24 (4), p.411-429
• Main Authors: Maxwell, D, Ahiadeke, C, Levin, C, Armar-Klemesu, M, Zakariah, S, Lamptey, G.M
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: accra, ghana; consumption; consumption patterns; food security; food shares; indexes; statistical analysis; urban areas
• ISSN: 0306-9192; 1873-5657

Recent research on the multi-factorial nature of food security has provided a wealth of analytical insight, but measurement problems remain a major challenge, not only for research, but particularly for targeting, program management, monitoring and evaluation. Building on an approach suggested in a 1996 article, this paper constructs a series of alternative food-security indicators based on the frequency and severity of consumption-related coping strategies. These alternative indicators are then compared with more standard measures, including a consumption benchmark, a poverty benchmark and a nutritional benchmark using data from the 1997 Accra Urban Food and Nutrition Study. Against these more traditional indicators, the coping strategy indicators are best at ruling out cases--that is, minimizing the risk of classifying a food-insecure household as food-secure. They also help to identify sources of vulnerability and the trade-offs made with other basic needs to acquire sufficient food. The measures outlined here are much less time-consuming and less expensive in terms of data collection and analysis, and therefore perhaps offer a pragmatic alternative to food and livelihood program managers. However, the comparative analysis of conventional benchmarks with the coping strategies indicator reveals some shortcomings with the benchmark indicators as well-a sign that perhaps the indicators of food security proposed here are both alternative and complementary measures.