Aflatoxins in food products consumed in Brazil: a preliminary dietary risk assessment

• Published in: Food additives & contaminants. Part A, Chemistry, analysis, control, exposure & risk assessment Chemistry, analysis, control, exposure & risk assessment, 2013, Vol.30 (1), p.127-136
• Main Authors: Andrade, P.D, de Mello, M. Homem, França, J.A, Caldas, E.D
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: aflatoxins; Aflatoxins - chemistry; Arachis hypogaea; Biological and medical sciences; body weight; Brazil; Brazil nuts; Cancer; cancer risk; carcinogenicity; Carcinogens; dietary exposure; Environmental Exposure - analysis; exposure assessment; Feeding. Feeding behavior; Food Analysis - methods; food consumption; Food contamination & poisoning; Food Contamination - analysis; Food industries; Food toxicology; foods; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; genotoxicity; Hepatitis B virus; Human exposure; Humans; national surveys; neoplasms; Peanuts; public health; risk; Risk Assessment; Vertebrates: anatomy and physiology, studies on body, several organs or systems
• ISSN: 1944-0057; 1944-0049; 1944-0057
• DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2012.720037

A preliminary dietary exposure assessment for aflatoxins (AFs; AFB1, AFB2, AFG1 and AFG2) was conducted to evaluate the potential carcinogenic risks for the Brazilian population. AF concentration data in food were obtained from analysis reports issued by the Central Public Health Laboratory of the Federal District (LACEN-DF) and from published work. Food consumption and body weight (bw) data were obtained from a national survey conducted in 2008/2009. Cancer risks arising from exposure to aflatoxins were assessed using the carcinogenic potency of AFs estimated by the JECFA, and hepatitis B virus prevalence in the Brazilian population. Additionally, margins of exposure (MOE) were also calculated for the various scenarios investigated. A total of 942 food samples were analysed for AFs in the Federal District between 2002 and 2011 with 4.5% of them being positive for at least one aflatoxin (LOQ = 2 µg kg⁻¹). The highest percentage of contamination was found in peanuts (8.1%) and Brazil nuts (6.0%), with mean levels ranging from 6.7 µg kg⁻¹ in peanut products to 36.9 µg kg⁻¹ in Brazil nuts. Most of the studies conducted elsewhere in Brazil found similar results. Total AF intake for the total Brazilian population and high consumers of food relevant for AF contamination in Brazil (upper bound; samples