Sex differences in complex regional pain syndrome type I

Background: Sex differences have been increasingly highlighted in complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) in clinical practice. In CRPS type I (CRPS-I), although inflammation and oxidative stress have been implicated in its pathogenesis, whether pain behavior and the underlying mechanism are sex-speci...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of pain research 2017-01, Vol.10, p.1811
Main Authors: Xia, Zhongyuan, Li, Juan, Tai, Wai Lydia, Tang, Chaoliang, Hong, Junmou, Zhao, Bo, Yao, Weifeng, Wang, Song, Shi, Si
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Care and treatment
Complex regional pain syndromes
Development and progression
Health aspects
Sex differences (Biology)
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Summary:Background: Sex differences have been increasingly highlighted in complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) in clinical practice. In CRPS type I (CRPS-I), although inflammation and oxidative stress have been implicated in its pathogenesis, whether pain behavior and the underlying mechanism are sex-specific is unclear. In the present study, we sought to explore whether sex differences have an impact on inflammation, oxidative stress, and pain sensitivity in CRPS-I. Methods: Chronic post-ischemia pain (CPIP) was established in both male and female mice as an animal model of CRPS-I. Edema and mechanical allodynia of bilateral hind paws were assessed after reperfusion. Blood samples were analyzed for serum levels of oxidative stress markers and inflammatory cytokines. Results: Both male and female mice developed edema. Male mice developed CPIP at day 3 after reperfusion; female mice developed CPIP at day 2 after reperfusion. Female mice displayed significantly earlier and higher mechanical allodynia in the ischemic hind paw, which was associated with higher serum levels of IL-2, TNF-[alpha], isoprostanes, 8 OhdG, and malondialdehyde at day 2 after reperfusion. Moreover, female mice showed significantly lower SOD and IL-4 compared to male mice at day 2 after reperfusion. Conclusion: Our results indicate that sex differences in inflammatory and oxidative stress states may play a central role in the sex-specific nociceptive hypersensitivity in CRPS-I, and offer a new insight into pharmacology treatments to improve pain management with CRPS. Keywords: sex differences, complex regional pain syndrome, chronic post-ischemia pain, inflammatory response, oxidative stress
ISSN:1178-7090
1178-7090