Effect of Delivery Mode and Nutrition on Gut Microbiota in Neonates

Background/Aims: The mode of delivery (vaginal or cesarean section) and feeding type (breastfeeding or formula feeding) of neonates are considered the most influential factors in the development of gut microbiota. Objectives: This study investigated the effect of prebiotic-rich breast milk on overco...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Annals of nutrition and metabolism 2019-01, Vol.74 (2), p.132-139
Main Authors: Akagawa, Shohei, Tsuji, Shoji, Onuma, Chikushi, Akagawa, Yuko, Yamaguchi, Tadashi, Yamagishi, Mitsuru, Yamanouchi, Sohsaku, Kimata, Takahisa, Sekiya, Shin-ichiro, Ohashi, Atsushi, Hashiyada, Masaki, Akane, Atsushi, Kaneko, Kazunari
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Age
Babies
Bacteria
Bacteria - classification
Breast Feeding
Breast milk
Cefmetazole
Cesarean Section
Delivery, Obstetric - methods
Digestive system
Dysbacteriosis
Dysbiosis - etiology
Female
Gastrointestinal Microbiome
Humans
Infant Formula
Infant, Newborn
Intestinal microflora
Japan
Male
Microbiota
Microbiota (Symbiotic organisms)
Neonates
Newborn babies
Newborn infants
Nutrition
Original Paper
Relative abundance
RNA
RNA, Ribosomal, 16S - genetics
rRNA 16S
Studies
Vagina
Vagina - microbiology
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Summary:Background/Aims: The mode of delivery (vaginal or cesarean section) and feeding type (breastfeeding or formula feeding) of neonates are considered the most influential factors in the development of gut microbiota. Objectives: This study investigated the effect of prebiotic-rich breast milk on overcoming gut microbiota dysbiosis. Method: Stool samples from 36 healthy Japanese neonates were obtained at 4 days and 1 month of age, and divided into 4 groups based on mode of delivery and feeding type. The gut microbiota composition and bacterial diversity were assessed using 16S rRNA sequencing. Results: At 4 days old, vaginally delivered neonates had a significantly higher diversity of bacteria than those born by cesarean section. Bacteroidales and Enterobacteriales were overrepresented in vaginally delivered neonates (p = 0.0031 and p = 0.011), while Bacillales and Lactobacillales were overrepresented in caesarean section delivered neonates (p = 0.012 and p = 0.0016). However, there was little difference in bacterial diversity and bacterial relative abundance at 1 month of age between groups. Conclusions: Cesarean section delivery appeared to reduce the diversity of neonate gut microbiota, resulting in dysbiosis, but this improved to the equivalent level seen in vaginally delivered infants by 1 month of age. Breastfeeding, even for short periods, may therefore improve neonate gut dysbiosis.
ISSN:0250-6807
1421-9697
DOI:10.1159/000496427