Tin and tinned dress accessories from medieval Wroclaw . Rontgenfluorestsents-spektromeetrilised uuringud

• Published in: Eesti Arheoloogia Ajakiri 2014-06, Vol.18 (1), p.57
• Main Author: Miazga, Beata
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: History; Men's clothing
• ISSN: 1406-2933
• DOI: 10.3176/arch.2014.1.03

This paper presents a non-destructive analytical study of selected archaeological artefacts from the Old Town in Wroclaw, SW Poland, by energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. The analysed specimens included dress accessories that decorated both women's and men's clothes in the Middle Ages. Several various metallic artefacts were selected for detailed studies: jewellery (e.g. finger rings) to more utilitarian utensil (functional) items (e.g. knives). All of them were made of tin-lead alloys or were tinned. This research was focused on determining the chemical composition of the artefacts, the identification of similarities and differences between alloys as well as technological aspects of the production. The obtained results suggest that there are many objects with the same chemical composition. It helps to distinguish groups of artefacts (e.g. rings made with the same alloys) or find the parts of one object. The next interesting result is the possibility of determining the presence of tin-plating that was in varied states of preservation (especially for badly damaged artefacts). Artikkel on keskendunud keskaegsete tinast ja tinatatud esemete elementanaluusile. Peamiselt on uuritud roivaste juures kantavaid metallist aksessuaare. Lisaks hobedale oli tina ehtematerjalina keskaegses Euroopas vaesema elanikkonna hulgas laialt levinud. Kokku on uuritud ule 155 eseme, mille hulgas on ripatsid, helmed, peaehted, sormused, oimurongad, noobid, palverannumargid, rihma metallosad, pandlad, rihmaotsad-ja naastud, kannused, votmed, noad ning metalliga kaunistatud nahakatked. Leiud on parit Wroclawi vanalinnas Uue Turu piirkonnas aastatel 2010-2012 toimunud paastekaevamistelt. Varem Wroclawist teadaolevaga vorreldes koguti nimetatud valitoodelt markimisvaarne kogus tinasulamist ja tinatatud esemeid. Enamik leidudest parineb 14. sajandist, ehkki on ka varasemaid esemeid. Esemeid analuusiti rontgenfluorestsents-spektromeetriga (ED-XRF, Spectro Midex). Eesmargiks oli kindlaks teha esemete valmistamiseks kasutatud metalli keemiline koostis ja saadud tulemuste pohjal analuusida sulamitevahelisi sarnasusi ning erinevusi esemetuupides ja seelabi uurida tootmise tehnoloogilisi aspekte. Peamine analuusitav element oli tina, mida esines erineva osakaaluga sulamites (tihti pliiga). Analuuside pohjal ei saa uldistada, et uhe esemetuubi valmistamiseks on kasutatud teatud tuupi sulamit. Paljude erinevate leidude materjalil on sarnane keemiline koostis. Siiski voib valja t