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Preclinical Evidence of Probiotics in Colorectal Carcinogenesis: A Systematic Review

Background Colorectal cancer, the second major cause of cancer deaths, imposes a major health burden worldwide. There is growing evidence that supports that the use of probiotics is effective against various diseases, especially in gastrointestinal diseases, including the colorectal cancer, but the...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Digestive diseases and sciences 2020-11, Vol.65 (11), p.3197-3210
Main Authors: Brasiel, Poliana Guiomar de Ameida, Dutra Luquetti, Sheila Cristina Potente, Peluzio, Maria do Carmo Gouveia, Novaes, Rômulo Dias, Gonçalves, Reggiani Vilela
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Language:English
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Summary:Background Colorectal cancer, the second major cause of cancer deaths, imposes a major health burden worldwide. There is growing evidence that supports that the use of probiotics is effective against various diseases, especially in gastrointestinal diseases, including the colorectal cancer, but the differences between the strains, dose, and frequency used are not yet clear. Aims To perform a systematic review to compile the results of studies carried out in animal models and investigated the effect of probiotics on colorectal carcinogenesis. Methods Studies were selected in PubMed/MEDLINE and Scopus according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Search filters were developed using three parameters: probiotics, colorectal cancer, and animal model. Results From a structured search, we discovered 34 original articles and submitted them to a risk of bias analysis using SYRCLE’s tool. The studies show a great diversity of models, most were conducted in rats (55.8%) and used 1,2 dimethylhydrazine as the drug to induce colorectal carcinogenesis (61.7%). The vast majority of trials investigated Lactobacillus (64%) and Bifidobacterium (29.4%) strains. Twenty-six (86.6%) studies found significant reduction in lesions or tumors in the animals that received probiotics. The main methodological limitation was the insufficient amount of information for the adequate reproducibility of the trials, which indicated a high risk of bias due to incomplete characterization of the experimental design. Conclusions The different probiotics’ strains showed anti-carcinogenic effect, reduced the development of lesions and intestinal tumors, antioxidant and immunomodulatory activity, and reduced fecal bacterial enzymes.
ISSN:0163-2116
1573-2568
DOI:10.1007/s10620-020-06062-3