Perception et attitudes à l’égard des robots anthropomorphes en France : validation d’une échelle d’attitudes

• Published in: Psychologie française 2015-06, Vol.60 (2), p.173-189
• Main Authors: Dinet, J., Vivian, R.
• Format: Article
• Language: fre
• Subjects: Anthropomorphism; Anthropomorphisme; Attitude; Cognitive science; Computer science; Conception; Human-Computer Interaction; Psychology; Robot; Robots; Technology for Human Learning; Usager; User; Évaluation
• ISSN: 0033-2984; 1873-7277
• DOI: 10.1016/j.psfr.2015.05.002

Les robots à forme humaine (i.e., anthropomorphes) sont censés être mieux acceptés par les usagers parce qu’ils sont plus proches physiquement. Pourtant, plusieurs études menées en Asie tendent à contredire cette approche. Dans deux études, nous nous intéressons aux attitudes vis-à-vis de ces robots anthropomorphes chez des enfants, adolescents, adultes et seniors français. Les participants devaient individuellement réaliser trois tâches successives : expliquer ce qu’est un robot pour lui/elle ; exprimer leurs opinions à l’égard des robots ; classer par ordre croissant de préférence huit robots présentés dans des vidéos. Les résultats montrent que l’apparence physique des robots est le facteur déterminant des attitudes et opinions, quels que soient l’âge et le genre des participants. De plus, la trop grande similitude physique avec l’humain, i.e., l’anthropomorphisme, explique en grande partie les attitudes négatives vis-à-vis des robots, quel que soit l’âge. Robots with human appearance (i.e., anthropomorphic robots) are supposed to be better accepted by users because they are physically closer. However, several recent studies tend to contradict this idea. In this paper, two experiments are aiming to investigate the attitudes toward anthropomorphic robots for children, adolescents, adults and senior in France. In the first experiment, two hundred seventeen participants were asked to perform individually three successive tasks: to explain what a robot for him/her; complete our French translation of the negative attitudes scale toward robots called “NARS” (Nomura, Kanda, & Suzuki, 2006); and to sort by ascending order of preference eight robots shown in videos. In the second experiment, because the NARS is not adapted for youngest participants, forty-eight children were asked to perform the same successive tasks but with an adapted questionnaire for them by using a continuous rating scale. The results show that the physical appearance of robots is a key determinant of attitudes and opinions (positive and negative), whatever of age and gender of the participants. In addition, too much physical similarity with humans, i.e., anthropomorphism, produces negative attitudes towards robots for all the age groups. Our first experiment is a first validation of the French version of the “NARS” for French teenagers, adults and seniors. Our second experiment is a first validation of an adapted version of the NARS for French children, by using a continuous rating scale.