Ultrasonic cavitation applied to the treatment of bisphenol A. Effect of sonochemical parameters and analysis of BPA by-products

• Published in: Ultrasonics sonochemistry 2008-04, Vol.15 (4), p.605-611
• Main Authors: Torres, Ricardo A., Pétrier, Christian, Combet, Evelyne, Carrier, Marion, Pulgarin, Cesar
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Advanced oxidation; Benzhydryl Compounds; Bisphenol A; Catalysis; Chemical engineering; Chemical Sciences; Chemistry; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Endocrine disruptor; Exact sciences and technology; Gases; General and physical chemistry; Hydrogen Peroxide - chemistry; Iron; Kinetics; Mass Spectrometry; Phenols - analysis; Phenols - chemistry; Phenols - radiation effects; Physical chemistry of induced reactions (with radiations, particles and ultrasonics); Sonochemical degradation; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; Ultrasonic chemistry; Ultrasonics; Water treatment
• ISSN: 1350-4177; 1873-2828
• DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2007.07.003

Bisphenol A (BPA), a chemical compound largely used in the plastics industry, can end up in aquatic systems, which it disturbs by its endocrine disrupting effect (EDE). This study investigated the BPA degradation upon ultrasonic action under different experimental conditions. The effect of saturating gas (oxygen, argon and air), BPA concentration (0.15–460μmolL−1), ultrasonic frequency (300–800kHz) and power (20–80W) were evaluated. For a 118μmolL−1-BPA solution, with the best performance obtained at 300kHz, 80W, with oxygen as saturating gas. In these conditions, BPA can be readily eliminated by the ultrasound process (∼90min). However, even after long ultrasound irradiation times (9h), more than 50% of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and 80% of total organic carbon (TOC) remained in the solution. Analyses of intermediates using HPLC-MS investigation identified several products: monohydroxylated bisphenol A, 4-isopropenylphenol, quinone of monohydroxylated bisphenol A, dihydroxylated bisphenol A, quinone of dihydroxylated bisphenol A, monohydroxylated-4-isopropenylphenol and 4-hydroxyacetophenone. The presence of these hydroxylated aromatic structures showed that the main ultrasonic BPA degradation pathway is related to the reaction of BPA with the OH radical. After 2h, these early products were converted into biodegradable aliphatic acids.