Foraging habits and levels of mercury in a resident population of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) in Bocas del Toro Archipelago, Caribbean Sea, Panama

• Published in: Marine pollution bulletin 2019-08, Vol.145, p.343-356
• Main Authors: Barragán-Barrera, Dalia C., Luna-Acosta, Andrea, May-Collado, Laura J., Polo-Silva, Carlos J., Riet-Sapriza, Federico G., Bustamante, Paco, Hernández-Ávila, María Paula, Vélez, Natalia, Farías-Curtidor, Nohelia, Caballero, Susana
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Animal behavior; Animals; Aquatic mammals; Archipelagoes; Bioaccumulation; Bocas del Toro; Bottle-Nosed Dolphin - physiology; Caribbean Region; Cetacea; Dolphins; Dolphins & porpoises; Ecological monitoring; Ecotoxicology; Environmental monitoring; Feeding habits; Female; Fish; Fish skin; Fishes; Food chains; Foraging; Health risks; Inshore form; Life Sciences; Male; Marine mammals; Mercury; Mercury (metal); Mercury - analysis; Muscles; Niches; Panama; Pollutants; Pollution monitoring; Population; Pregnancy; Prey; Stable isotopes; Toxicology; Tursiops truncatus; Water Pollutants, Chemical - analysis
• ISSN: 0025-326X; 1879-3363
• DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.04.076

A small and genetically isolated bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) population resides year-round in the Bocas del Toro Archipelago-Panama (BDT). Photo-identification and genetic data showed that this dolphin population is highly phylopatric and is formed exclusively by individuals of the “inshore form”. This study aimed to investigate the trophic ecology and mercury concentrations of bottlenose dolphins in BDT to assess their coastal habits. We collected muscle samples (n = 175) of 11 potential fish prey species, and skin samples from free-ranging dolphins in BDT (n = 37) and La Guajira-Colombia (n = 7) to compare isotopic niche width. Results showed that BDT dolphins have a coastal feeding habit, belong to the “inshore form” (δ13C = −13.05 ± 1.89‰), and have low mercury concentrations (mean = 1637 ± 1387 ng g−1dw). However, this element is biomagnified in the BDT food chain, showing a marginal dolphins health risk (RQ = 1.00). We call for a monitoring pollutant program and conservation strategies aimed to protect the dolphin population at BDT. •The bottlenose dolphin population in Bocas del Toro (BDT, Panama) is vulnerable to anthropogenic activities.•Dolphins in BDT are isolated in the Caribbean and have strictly coastal habits.•Mercury (Hg) is bioaccumulating and magnifying in the BDT marine food chain.•Dolphins show a marginal health risk due to Hg exposure.•Monitoring temporal trends of Hg concentration in BDT is needed to assess potential effects on biota.