Demographic controls of aboveground forest biomass across North America

Ecologists have limited understanding of how geographic variation in forest biomass arises from differences in growth and mortality at continental to global scales. Using forest inventories from across North America, we partitioned continental‐scale variation in biomass growth and mortality rates of...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Ecology letters 2016-04, Vol.19 (4), p.414-423
Main Authors: Vanderwel, Mark C, Zeng, Hongcheng, Caspersen, John P, Kunstler, Georges, Lichstein, Jeremy W, Gravel, Dominique
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Abies balsamea
Biodiversity
Biogeography
Biomass
carbon
ecologists
Ecology
Ecosystem
Environmental Sciences
forest inventory
Forests
geographical variation
growth
Herbivores
Models, Biological
Mortality
North America
Populus
productivity
species diversity
Time
trees
Trees - growth & development
Trees - physiology
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Summary:Ecologists have limited understanding of how geographic variation in forest biomass arises from differences in growth and mortality at continental to global scales. Using forest inventories from across North America, we partitioned continental‐scale variation in biomass growth and mortality rates of 49 tree species groups into (1) species‐independent spatial effects and (2) inherent differences in demographic performance among species. Spatial factors that were separable from species composition explained 83% and 51% of the respective variation in growth and mortality. Moderate additional variation in mortality (26%) was attributable to differences in species composition. Age‐dependent biomass models showed that variation in forest biomass can be explained primarily by spatial gradients in growth that were unrelated to species composition. Species‐dependent patterns of mortality explained additional variation in biomass, with forests supporting less biomass when dominated by species that are highly susceptible to competition (e.g. Populus spp.) or to biotic disturbances (e.g. Abies balsamea).
ISSN:1461-023X
1461-0248
DOI:10.1111/ele.12574