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Le canard mulard : déterminisme génétique d’un hybride intergénérique

The mule duck, an inter-generic hybrid between the Muscovy drake and the common duck, produces more than 90 % of the French "foie gras". The reciprocal hybrid (common drake x Muscovy female duck) offers no interest in animal breeding. Since the 1980's, the mule duck has been obtained...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Productions animales (Paris. 1988) 2005-12, Vol.18 (5), p.295-308
Main Authors: Brun, Jean- Michel J.- . M., Mialon, Marie-Madeleine, Marie Etancelin, Christel, Rouvier, Roger, Larzul, Catherine
Format: Article
Language:fre
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Summary:The mule duck, an inter-generic hybrid between the Muscovy drake and the common duck, produces more than 90 % of the French "foie gras". The reciprocal hybrid (common drake x Muscovy female duck) offers no interest in animal breeding. Since the 1980's, the mule duck has been obtained by artificial insemination, with a fertility rate reaching 70 % owing to artificial insemination practised twice a week, because of the short duration of the fertile period in the crossbreeding. Thise synthesis first deals with the zoological aspects of this hybridisation (cytogenetics, mating, fertilisation and embryonic development, hybrid sterility). Then, it deals with, from a zootechnical point of view, the reproductive performances of the common duck female (laying, fertility and duration of fertility, hatchability) and the traits of the mule duck (growth, plumage colouration, behaviour, feed efficiency, body composition, force feeding, quality of the products). The aim was first to describe the specificity of the mule duck with respect to the parental species, and, when possible (the presence of the reciprocal hybrid), to interpret its performances in terms of parental genetic contributions. Another aim was to review the genetic parameters of mule traits estimated within the parental strains and the genetic correlations between purebred and crossbred performances. These parameters determine the potential of within-strain selection to improve the mule duck. At last, some elements of molecular genetics are presented (genetic markers, compared genetic maps). Le mulard, qui assure plus de 90 % de la production française de foie gras, est un hybride intergénérique entre le canard de Barbarie et la cane commune. L’hybride réciproque (canard commun x cane Barbarie) ne présente pas d’intérêt zootechnique. Depuis les années 80, le mulard est obtenu par insémination artificielle, avec un taux de fertilité voisin de 70 % à condition d’inséminer les canes deux fois par semaine à cause de la courte durée de la période fertile en hybridation. L’article envisage d’abord les aspects zoologiques de cette hybridation (cytogénétique, accouplement, fertilisation et développement embryonnaire, stérilité des hybrides). Il aborde ensuite, d’un point de vue zootechnique, les performances de reproduction de la cane commune mère du mulard (ponte, fertilité et durée de la période fertile, éclosabilité) et les caractères du mulard (croissance, couleur du plumage, comportement, efficacité alimentai
ISSN:0990-0632
1152-5428