Manipulation of starch bioaccessibility in wheat endosperm to regulate starch digestion, postprandial glycemia, insulinemia, and gut hormone responses: a randomized controlled trial in healthy ileostomy participants

Cereal crops, particularly wheat, are a major dietary source of starch, and the bioaccessibility of starch has implications for postprandial glycemia. The structure and properties of plant foods have been identified as critical factors in influencing nutrient bioaccessibility; however, the physical...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:The American journal of clinical nutrition 2015-10, Vol.102 (4), p.791-800
Main Authors: Edwards, Cathrina H, Grundy, Myriam Ml, Grassby, Terri, Vasilopoulou, Dafni, Frost, Gary S, Butterworth, Peter J, Berry, Sarah Ee, Sanderson, Jeremy, Ellis, Peter R
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adult
Aged
Biochemistry
Blood Glucose - metabolism
Body Mass Index
C-Peptide - blood
Carbohydrates
Comparative studies
Cross-Over Studies
Dietary Carbohydrates - administration & dosage
Digestion
Endosperm - chemistry
Fatty Acids, Nonesterified - blood
Female
Food and Nutrition
Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide - blood
Gastrointestinal Hormones
Healthy Volunteers
Humans
Ileostomy
Insulin - blood
Life Sciences
Male
Metabolism
Middle Aged
Polypeptides
Postprandial Period
Starch - chemistry
Triglycerides - blood
Triticum - chemistry
Young Adult
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Summary:Cereal crops, particularly wheat, are a major dietary source of starch, and the bioaccessibility of starch has implications for postprandial glycemia. The structure and properties of plant foods have been identified as critical factors in influencing nutrient bioaccessibility; however, the physical and biochemical disassembly of cereal food during digestion has not been widely studied. The aims of this study were to compare the effects of 2 porridge meals prepared from wheat endosperm with different degrees of starch bioaccessibility on postprandial metabolism (e.g., glycemia) and to gain insight into the structural and biochemical breakdown of the test meals during gastroileal transit. A randomized crossover trial in 9 healthy ileostomy participants was designed to compare the effects of 55 g starch, provided as coarse (2-mm particles) or smooth (
ISSN:0002-9165
1938-3207
DOI:10.3945/ajcn.114.106203