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The “employability” of disabled people in France: A labile and speculative notion to be tested against the empirical data from the 2008 “Handicap-Santé” study
Following the passage of the French law of 2005 on equal rights and opportunities, the issue of the “employability” of disabled people became a matter of public discussion. To clarify the debate, the article briefly presents the evolution of this notion and its various meanings, from the social sphe...
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Published in: | Alter 2013-10, Vol.7 (4), p.227-243 |
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Main Authors: | , |
Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Subjects: | |
Citations: | Items that this one cites Items that cite this one |
Online Access: | Get full text |
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Summary: | Following the passage of the French law of 2005 on equal rights and opportunities, the issue of the “employability” of disabled people became a matter of public discussion. To clarify the debate, the article briefly presents the evolution of this notion and its various meanings, from the social sphere to employment policies. The concept of “employability” is then examined without any preconceived definition using empirical data from the national “Handicap-Santé” (disability-health) survey carried out in 2008 on the general population in France. Five groups illustrate employment patterns, social protection devices and types of disability: remaining employed until retirement; being employed thanks to social systems; leaving employment through “incapacity for work” systems; being employed through one's own resources; and being in sheltered employment or inactive. This construct provides keys to understand how “employability” manifests itself. The results show that, unlike the vision of employability that is focused on individual characteristics and promoted by employment policies in Europe, addressing employability in the domain of disability is only meaningful when considering individuals in their environments. The results also show that disability systems encourage forms of employability but still appear to favour access to inactivity through “incapacity for work”.
En France, dans la suite de la loi pour l’égalité des droits et des chances de 2005, la question de l’« employabilité » des personnes handicapées apparaît dans le débat public. Pour en comprendre les enjeux, l’article présente brièvement l’évolution de la notion, de la sphère sociale aux politiques de l’emploi, et ses significations. Puis, l’« employabilité » est interrogée sans définition a priori, à partir des données de l’enquête nationale « Handicap-Santé » (2008) réalisée en population générale. Cinq groupes illustrent les situations au regard de l’emploi, des dispositifs sociaux et du handicap: se maintenir en emploi jusqu’à la retraite, être en emploi grâce aux dispositifs sociaux, sortir du travail grâce aux dispositifs pour « inaptitude », être en emploi grâce à ses ressources, être entre emploi protégé et inactivité. Cette construction permet de comprendre les expressions de l’« employabilité ». Les résultats montrent que, contrairement à la conception de l’employabilité promue par les politiques publiques européennes – axée sur des caractéristiques individuelles –, l’entrée par l’emplo |
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ISSN: | 1875-0672 1875-0680 |
DOI: | 10.1016/j.alter.2013.09.007 |